|
|
This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Celtic
Alternative reconstructions
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰlendʰ- (“show, shine”).
Verb
*glanndeti[2][3]
- to show
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*glanndū
|
*glanndemam
|
*giglantsū
|
*geglonda
|
| 2nd singular
|
*glanndesi
|
*glanndetās
|
*giglantsesi
|
*geglondas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*glanndeti
|
*glanndeto
|
*giglantseti
|
*geglonde
|
| 1st plural
|
*glanndomosi
|
*glanndemo
|
*giglantsomosi
|
*geglondmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*glanndetesi
|
*glanndestē
|
*giglantsetesi
|
*geglonsse
|
| 3rd plural
|
*glanndonti
|
*glanndento
|
*giglantsonti
|
*geglondars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*glentsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*glentsesi
|
?
|
*glannde
|
| 3rd singular
|
*glentseti
|
?
|
*glanndetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*glentsomosi
|
?
|
*glanndomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*glentsetesi
|
?
|
*glanndete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*glentsonti
|
?
|
*glanndontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*glanndūr
|
—
|
*giglantsūr
|
*geglondra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*glanndetar
|
—
|
*giglantsetar
|
*geglondras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*glanndetor
|
?
|
*giglantsetor
|
*geglondre
|
| 1st plural
|
*glanndommor
|
—
|
*giglantsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*glanndedwe
|
—
|
*giglantsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*glanndontor
|
?
|
*giglantsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*glentsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*glentsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*glentsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*glentsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*glentsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*glentsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*glanndonts
|
*glanndonte
|
*glanndontes
|
| vocative
|
*glanndonts
|
*glanndonte
|
*glanndontes
|
| accusative
|
*glanndontam
|
*glanndonte
|
*glanndontans
|
| genitive
|
*glanndantos
|
*?
|
*glanndantom
|
| dative
|
*glanndantei
|
*glanndantbom
|
*glanndantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*glanndantī?
|
*glanndantbim
|
*glanndantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*glanndantī
|
*glanndantī
|
*glanndantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*glanndantī
|
*glanndantī
|
*glanndantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*glanndantīm
|
*glanndantī
|
*glanndantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*glanndantyās
|
*?
|
*glanndantyom
|
| dative
|
*glanndantyāi
|
*glanndantyābom
|
*glanndantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*glanndantyābim
|
*glanndantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*glanndont
|
*?
|
*glanndonta
|
| vocative
|
*glanndont
|
*?
|
*glanndonta
|
| accusative
|
*glanndont
|
*?
|
*glanndonta
|
| genitive
|
*glanndantos
|
*?
|
*glanndantom
|
| dative
|
*glanndantei
|
*?
|
*glanndantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*glanndantī?
|
*?
|
*glanndantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*glanndomnos
|
*glanndomnou
|
*glanndomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*glanndomne
|
*glanndomnou
|
*glanndomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*glanndomnom
|
*glanndomnou
|
*glanndomnons
|
| genitive
|
*glanndomnī
|
*glanndomnous
|
*glanndomnom
|
| dative
|
*glanndomnūi
|
*glanndomnobom
|
*glanndomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*glanndomnū
|
*glanndomnobim
|
*glanndomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*glanndomnā
|
*glanndomnai
|
*glanndomnās
|
| vocative
|
*glanndomnā
|
*glanndomnai
|
*glanndomnās
|
| accusative
|
*glanndomnam
|
*glanndomnai
|
*glanndomnans
|
| genitive
|
*glanndomnās
|
*glanndomnous
|
*glanndomnom
|
| dative
|
*glanndomnai
|
*glanndomnābom
|
*glanndomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*glanndomnābim
|
*glanndomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*glanndomnom
|
*glanndomnou
|
*glanndomnā
|
| vocative
|
*glanndomnom
|
*glanndomnou
|
*glanndomnā
|
| accusative
|
*glanndomnom
|
*glanndomnou
|
*glanndomnā
|
| genitive
|
*glanndomnī
|
*glanndomnous
|
*glanndomnom
|
| dative
|
*glanndomnūi
|
*glanndomnobom
|
*glanndomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*glanndomnū
|
*glanndomnobim
|
*glanndomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*glansos
|
*glansou
|
*glansoi
|
| vocative
|
*glanse
|
*glansou
|
*glansoi
|
| accusative
|
*glansom
|
*glansou
|
*glansons
|
| genitive
|
*glansī
|
*glansous
|
*glansom
|
| dative
|
*glansūi
|
*glansobom
|
*glansobos
|
| instrumental
|
*glansū
|
*glansobim
|
*glansobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*glansā
|
*glansai
|
*glansās
|
| vocative
|
*glansā
|
*glansai
|
*glansās
|
| accusative
|
*glansam
|
*glansai
|
*glansans
|
| genitive
|
*glansās
|
*glansous
|
*glansom
|
| dative
|
*glansai
|
*glansābom
|
*glansābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*glansābim
|
*glansābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*glansom
|
*glansou
|
*glansā
|
| vocative
|
*glansom
|
*glansou
|
*glansā
|
| accusative
|
*glansom
|
*glansou
|
*glansā
|
| genitive
|
*glansī
|
*glansous
|
*glansom
|
| dative
|
*glansūi
|
*glansobom
|
*glansobos
|
| instrumental
|
*glansū
|
*glansobim
|
*glansobis
|
Descendants
References
- ^ Fortson IV, Benjamin W. (15 July 2010) “On ‘double-nasal’ presents in Celtic and Indo-European and a new Irish sound law”, in Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, volume 57, number 2010, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 48–78
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*glan-n-d-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 159
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 334-336