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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵéwseti (“to taste, choose”), converted to the zero grade.
Verb
*guseti[1]
- to choose
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*gusū
|
*gusemam
|
*gigussū
|
*gugousa
|
| 2nd singular
|
*gusesi
|
*gusetās
|
*gigussesi
|
*gugousas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*guseti
|
*guseto
|
*gigusseti
|
*gugouse
|
| 1st plural
|
*gusomosi
|
*gusemo
|
*gigussomosi
|
*gugousmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*gusetesi
|
*gusestē
|
*gigussetesi
|
*gugouse
|
| 3rd plural
|
*gusonti
|
*gusento
|
*gigussonti
|
*gugousars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*goussū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*goussesi
|
?
|
*guse
|
| 3rd singular
|
*gousseti
|
?
|
*gusetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*goussomosi
|
?
|
*gusomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*goussetesi
|
?
|
*gusete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*goussonti
|
?
|
*gusontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*gusūr
|
—
|
*gigussūr
|
*gugousra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*gusetar
|
—
|
*gigussetar
|
*gugousras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*gusetor
|
?
|
*gigussetor
|
*gugousre
|
| 1st plural
|
*gusommor
|
—
|
*gigussommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*gusedwe
|
—
|
*gigussedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*gusontor
|
?
|
*gigussontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*goussūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*goussetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*goussetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*goussommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*goussedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*goussontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gusonts
|
*gusonte
|
*gusontes
|
| vocative
|
*gusonts
|
*gusonte
|
*gusontes
|
| accusative
|
*gusontam
|
*gusonte
|
*gusontans
|
| genitive
|
*gusantos
|
*?
|
*gusantom
|
| dative
|
*gusantei
|
*gusantbom
|
*gusantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*gusantī?
|
*gusantbim
|
*gusantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gusantī
|
*gusantī
|
*gusantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*gusantī
|
*gusantī
|
*gusantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*gusantīm
|
*gusantī
|
*gusantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*gusantyās
|
*?
|
*gusantyom
|
| dative
|
*gusantyāi
|
*gusantyābom
|
*gusantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*gusantyābim
|
*gusantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gusont
|
*?
|
*gusonta
|
| vocative
|
*gusont
|
*?
|
*gusonta
|
| accusative
|
*gusont
|
*?
|
*gusonta
|
| genitive
|
*gusantos
|
*?
|
*gusantom
|
| dative
|
*gusantei
|
*?
|
*gusantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*gusantī?
|
*?
|
*gusantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gusomnos
|
*gusomnou
|
*gusomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*gusomne
|
*gusomnou
|
*gusomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*gusomnom
|
*gusomnou
|
*gusomnons
|
| genitive
|
*gusomnī
|
*gusomnous
|
*gusomnom
|
| dative
|
*gusomnūi
|
*gusomnobom
|
*gusomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*gusomnū
|
*gusomnobim
|
*gusomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gusomnā
|
*gusomnai
|
*gusomnās
|
| vocative
|
*gusomnā
|
*gusomnai
|
*gusomnās
|
| accusative
|
*gusomnam
|
*gusomnai
|
*gusomnans
|
| genitive
|
*gusomnās
|
*gusomnous
|
*gusomnom
|
| dative
|
*gusomnai
|
*gusomnābom
|
*gusomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*gusomnābim
|
*gusomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gusomnom
|
*gusomnou
|
*gusomnā
|
| vocative
|
*gusomnom
|
*gusomnou
|
*gusomnā
|
| accusative
|
*gusomnom
|
*gusomnou
|
*gusomnā
|
| genitive
|
*gusomnī
|
*gusomnous
|
*gusomnom
|
| dative
|
*gusomnūi
|
*gusomnobom
|
*gusomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*gusomnū
|
*gusomnobim
|
*gusomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gustos
|
*gustou
|
*gustoi
|
| vocative
|
*guste
|
*gustou
|
*gustoi
|
| accusative
|
*gustom
|
*gustou
|
*gustons
|
| genitive
|
*gustī
|
*gustous
|
*gustom
|
| dative
|
*gustūi
|
*gustobom
|
*gustobos
|
| instrumental
|
*gustū
|
*gustobim
|
*gustobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gustā
|
*gustai
|
*gustās
|
| vocative
|
*gustā
|
*gustai
|
*gustās
|
| accusative
|
*gustam
|
*gustai
|
*gustans
|
| genitive
|
*gustās
|
*gustous
|
*gustom
|
| dative
|
*gustai
|
*gustābom
|
*gustābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*gustābim
|
*gustābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*gustom
|
*gustou
|
*gustā
|
| vocative
|
*gustom
|
*gustou
|
*gustā
|
| accusative
|
*gustom
|
*gustou
|
*gustā
|
| genitive
|
*gustī
|
*gustous
|
*gustom
|
| dative
|
*gustūi
|
*gustobom
|
*gustobos
|
| instrumental
|
*gustū
|
*gustobim
|
*gustobis
|
Descendants
References
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 356-361