Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kādos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂d- (“strong negative emotion”).^[1]

Noun

*kādos n

a strong negative emotion like:
1. anger
2. regret

Inflection

Neuter s-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kādos	*kādese?	*kādesa
vocative	*kādos	*kādese?	*kādesa
accusative	*kādos	*kādese?	*kādesa
genitive	*kādesos	*kādesous?	*kādesom
dative	*kādesei	*kādesbom	*kādesbos
locative	*kādesi	*?	*?
instrumental	*kādesei	*kādesbim	*kādesbis

Reconstruction notes

De Bernardo Stempel's reconstruction of an s-stem declension in this word^[2] is to be preferred over Matasović's o-stem given how Ancient Greek κῆδος (kêdos) and Proto-Germanic *hataz are also s-stems.

Related terms

*kassis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *kọð
- Middle Breton: cuez, queuz
  - Breton: keuz
- Middle Cornish: cueth
  - Cornish: keudh
- Middle Welsh: kawð
  - Welsh: cawdd

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kādo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 183
^ de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia (1999) Nominale Wortbildung des älteren Irischen: Stammbildung und Derivation [Noun Formation in Old Irish: Stem-formation and derivation] (Buchreihe der Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie) (in German), volume 15, Tübingen: Niemeyer, →ISBN, page 149

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kādo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 183

[2] Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia (1999) Nominale Wortbildung des älteren Irischen: Stammbildung und Derivation [Noun Formation in Old Irish: Stem-formation and derivation] (Buchreihe der Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie) (in German), volume 15, Tübingen: Niemeyer, →ISBN, page 149

[1]

[2]