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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷelsós (“turning”), from *kʷelh₁- (“to turn”).[1]
Adjective
*kʷelsos[2][3]
- far, distant
Inflection
| O/ā-stem
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷelsos
|
*kʷelsou
|
*kʷelsoi
|
| vocative
|
*kʷelse
|
*kʷelsou
|
*kʷelsoi
|
| accusative
|
*kʷelsom
|
*kʷelsou
|
*kʷelsons
|
| genitive
|
*kʷelsī
|
*kʷelsous
|
*kʷelsom
|
| dative
|
*kʷelsūi
|
*kʷelsobom
|
*kʷelsobos
|
| instrumental
|
*kʷelsū
|
*kʷelsobim
|
*kʷelsobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷelsā
|
*kʷelsai
|
*kʷelsās
|
| vocative
|
*kʷelsā
|
*kʷelsai
|
*kʷelsās
|
| accusative
|
*kʷelsam
|
*kʷelsai
|
*kʷelsans
|
| genitive
|
*kʷelsās
|
*kʷelsous
|
*kʷelsom
|
| dative
|
*kʷelsai
|
*kʷelsābom
|
*kʷelsābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*kʷelsābim
|
*kʷelsābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷelsom
|
*kʷelsou
|
*kʷelsā
|
| vocative
|
*kʷelsom
|
*kʷelsou
|
*kʷelsā
|
| accusative
|
*kʷelsom
|
*kʷelsou
|
*kʷelsā
|
| genitive
|
*kʷelsī
|
*kʷelsous
|
*kʷelsom
|
| dative
|
*kʷelsūi
|
*kʷelsobom
|
*kʷelsobos
|
| instrumental
|
*kʷelsū
|
*kʷelsobim
|
*kʷelsobis
|
| Declension of the comparative
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷelsyūs
|
*?
|
*kʷelsyoses
|
| vocative
|
*kʷelsyūs
|
*?
|
*kʷelsyoses
|
| accusative
|
*kʷelsyosam
|
*?
|
*kʷelsyosans
|
| genitive
|
*kʷelsisos
|
*?
|
*kʷelsisom
|
| dative
|
*kʷelsisei
|
*?
|
*kʷelsisbos
|
| instrumental
|
*kʷelsisī
|
*?
|
*kʷelsisbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷelsyūs
|
*?
|
*kʷelsyoses
|
| vocative
|
*kʷelsyūs
|
*?
|
*kʷelsyoses
|
| accusative
|
*kʷelsyosam
|
*?
|
*kʷelsyosans
|
| genitive
|
*kʷelsisos
|
*?
|
*kʷelsisom
|
| dative
|
*kʷelsisei
|
*?
|
*kʷelsisbos
|
| instrumental
|
*kʷelsisī
|
*?
|
*kʷelsisbis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷelsis
|
*?
|
*?
|
| vocative
|
*kʷelsis
|
*?
|
*?
|
| accusative
|
*kʷelsis
|
*?
|
*?
|
| genitive
|
*kʷelsisos
|
*?
|
*kʷelsisom
|
| dative
|
*kʷelsisei
|
*?
|
*kʷelsisbos
|
| instrumental
|
*kʷelsisī
|
*?
|
*kʷelsisbis
|
Descendants
References
- ^ Höfler, Stefan (2019) Story of O: On a peculiar substantivization type in PIE[1], Leiden: 5th Indo-European Research Colloquium
- ^ Fleuriot, Léon, Evans, Claude (1985) “pell”, in A Dictionary of Old Breton – Dictionnaire du vieux breton: Historical and Comparative (in French), Toronto: Prepcorp, page 282
- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pell”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies