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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeys-.
Verb
*kʷiseti[1]
- to see
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*kʷisū
|
*kʷisemam
|
*kʷikʷisū
|
*kʷikʷoisa
|
| 2nd singular
|
*kʷisesi
|
*kʷisetās
|
*kʷikʷisesi
|
*kʷikʷoisas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*kʷiseti
|
*kʷiseto
|
*kʷikʷiseti
|
*kʷikʷoise
|
| 1st plural
|
*kʷisomosi
|
*kʷisemo
|
*kʷikʷisomosi
|
*kʷikʷoismo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*kʷisetesi
|
*kʷisestē
|
*kʷikʷisetesi
|
*kʷikʷoise
|
| 3rd plural
|
*kʷisonti
|
*kʷisento
|
*kʷikʷisonti
|
*kʷikʷoisars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*kʷeissū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*kʷeissesi
|
?
|
*kʷise
|
| 3rd singular
|
*kʷeisseti
|
?
|
*kʷisetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*kʷeissomosi
|
?
|
*kʷisomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*kʷeissetesi
|
?
|
*kʷisete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*kʷeissonti
|
?
|
*kʷisontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*kʷisūr
|
—
|
*kʷikʷisūr
|
*kʷikʷoisra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*kʷisetar
|
—
|
*kʷikʷisetar
|
*kʷikʷoisras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*kʷisetor
|
?
|
*kʷikʷisetor
|
*kʷikʷoisre
|
| 1st plural
|
*kʷisommor
|
—
|
*kʷikʷisommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*kʷisedwe
|
—
|
*kʷikʷisedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*kʷisontor
|
?
|
*kʷikʷisontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*kʷeissūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*kʷeissetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*kʷeissetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*kʷeissommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*kʷeissedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*kʷeissontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷisonts
|
*kʷisonte
|
*kʷisontes
|
| vocative
|
*kʷisonts
|
*kʷisonte
|
*kʷisontes
|
| accusative
|
*kʷisontam
|
*kʷisonte
|
*kʷisontans
|
| genitive
|
*kʷisantos
|
*?
|
*kʷisantom
|
| dative
|
*kʷisantei
|
*kʷisantbom
|
*kʷisantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*kʷisantī?
|
*kʷisantbim
|
*kʷisantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷisantī
|
*kʷisantī
|
*kʷisantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*kʷisantī
|
*kʷisantī
|
*kʷisantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*kʷisantīm
|
*kʷisantī
|
*kʷisantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*kʷisantyās
|
*?
|
*kʷisantyom
|
| dative
|
*kʷisantyāi
|
*kʷisantyābom
|
*kʷisantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*kʷisantyābim
|
*kʷisantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷisont
|
*?
|
*kʷisonta
|
| vocative
|
*kʷisont
|
*?
|
*kʷisonta
|
| accusative
|
*kʷisont
|
*?
|
*kʷisonta
|
| genitive
|
*kʷisantos
|
*?
|
*kʷisantom
|
| dative
|
*kʷisantei
|
*?
|
*kʷisantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*kʷisantī?
|
*?
|
*kʷisantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷisomnos
|
*kʷisomnou
|
*kʷisomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*kʷisomne
|
*kʷisomnou
|
*kʷisomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*kʷisomnom
|
*kʷisomnou
|
*kʷisomnons
|
| genitive
|
*kʷisomnī
|
*kʷisomnous
|
*kʷisomnom
|
| dative
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*kʷisomnūi
|
*kʷisomnobom
|
*kʷisomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*kʷisomnū
|
*kʷisomnobim
|
*kʷisomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷisomnā
|
*kʷisomnai
|
*kʷisomnās
|
| vocative
|
*kʷisomnā
|
*kʷisomnai
|
*kʷisomnās
|
| accusative
|
*kʷisomnam
|
*kʷisomnai
|
*kʷisomnans
|
| genitive
|
*kʷisomnās
|
*kʷisomnous
|
*kʷisomnom
|
| dative
|
*kʷisomnai
|
*kʷisomnābom
|
*kʷisomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*kʷisomnābim
|
*kʷisomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷisomnom
|
*kʷisomnou
|
*kʷisomnā
|
| vocative
|
*kʷisomnom
|
*kʷisomnou
|
*kʷisomnā
|
| accusative
|
*kʷisomnom
|
*kʷisomnou
|
*kʷisomnā
|
| genitive
|
*kʷisomnī
|
*kʷisomnous
|
*kʷisomnom
|
| dative
|
*kʷisomnūi
|
*kʷisomnobom
|
*kʷisomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*kʷisomnū
|
*kʷisomnobim
|
*kʷisomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷistos
|
*kʷistou
|
*kʷistoi
|
| vocative
|
*kʷiste
|
*kʷistou
|
*kʷistoi
|
| accusative
|
*kʷistom
|
*kʷistou
|
*kʷistons
|
| genitive
|
*kʷistī
|
*kʷistous
|
*kʷistom
|
| dative
|
*kʷistūi
|
*kʷistobom
|
*kʷistobos
|
| instrumental
|
*kʷistū
|
*kʷistobim
|
*kʷistobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷistā
|
*kʷistai
|
*kʷistās
|
| vocative
|
*kʷistā
|
*kʷistai
|
*kʷistās
|
| accusative
|
*kʷistam
|
*kʷistai
|
*kʷistans
|
| genitive
|
*kʷistās
|
*kʷistous
|
*kʷistom
|
| dative
|
*kʷistai
|
*kʷistābom
|
*kʷistābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*kʷistābim
|
*kʷistābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷistom
|
*kʷistou
|
*kʷistā
|
| vocative
|
*kʷistom
|
*kʷistou
|
*kʷistā
|
| accusative
|
*kʷistom
|
*kʷistou
|
*kʷistā
|
| genitive
|
*kʷistī
|
*kʷistous
|
*kʷistom
|
| dative
|
*kʷistūi
|
*kʷistobom
|
*kʷistobos
|
| instrumental
|
*kʷistū
|
*kʷistobim
|
*kʷistobis
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Derived terms
Descendants
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kʷis-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 25–180