Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kalmiyos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Unknown.^[1]

Adjective

*kalmiyos

skilled, skillful

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kalmiyos	*kalmiyou	*kalmiyoi
vocative	*kalmiye	*kalmiyou	*kalmiyoi
accusative	*kalmiyom	*kalmiyou	*kalmiyons
genitive	*kalmiyī	*kalmiyous	*kalmiyom
dative	*kalmiyūi	*kalmiyobom	*kalmiyobos
instrumental	*kalmiyū	*kalmiyobim	*kalmiyobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kalmiyā	*kalmiyai	*kalmiyās
vocative	*kalmiyā	*kalmiyai	*kalmiyās
accusative	*kalmiyam	*kalmiyai	*kalmiyans
genitive	*kalmiyās	*kalmiyous	*kalmiyom
dative	*kalmiyai	*kalmiyābom	*kalmiyābos
instrumental	*?	*kalmiyābim	*kalmiyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kalmiyom	*kalmiyou	*kalmiyā
vocative	*kalmiyom	*kalmiyou	*kalmiyā
accusative	*kalmiyom	*kalmiyou	*kalmiyā
genitive	*kalmiyī	*kalmiyous	*kalmiyom
dative	*kalmiyūi	*kalmiyobom	*kalmiyobos
instrumental	*kalmiyū	*kalmiyobim	*kalmiyobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kalmiyūs	*?	*kalmiyoses
vocative	*kalmiyūs	*?	*kalmiyoses
accusative	*kalmiyosam	*?	*kalmiyosans
genitive	*kalmiyisos	*?	*kalmiyisom
dative	*kalmiyisei	*?	*kalmiyisbos
instrumental	*kalmiyisī	*?	*kalmiyisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kalmiyūs	*?	*kalmiyoses
vocative	*kalmiyūs	*?	*kalmiyoses
accusative	*kalmiyosam	*?	*kalmiyosans
genitive	*kalmiyisos	*?	*kalmiyisom
dative	*kalmiyisei	*?	*kalmiyisbos
instrumental	*kalmiyisī	*?	*kalmiyisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kalmiyis	*?	*?
vocative	*kalmiyis	*?	*?
accusative	*kalmiyis	*?	*?
genitive	*kalmiyisos	*?	*kalmiyisom
dative	*kalmiyisei	*?	*kalmiyisbos
instrumental	*kalmiyisī	*?	*kalmiyisbis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *kėlβ̃ɨð
- Old Breton: celmed
  - Middle Breton: calvez (“carpenter”)
    - Breton: kalvez (“carpenter”)
- Old Welsh: celmed
  - Middle Welsh: celuit, celwyd
    - Welsh: celfydd
Middle Irish: calma (“brave, strong”)
- Irish: calma
- Scottish Gaelic: calma

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kalmiyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 185

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kalmiyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 185

[1]