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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From *katus (“battle”) + *-sagyetor (denominative verb suffix). One of the older verbs with this suffix, given the possibility of a "seek" meaning ("seek battle" > "fight") and the presence of a Brittonic reflex.[1]
Verb
*katusagyetor
- to give battle, fight
Inflection
| Thematic present, deponent
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*katusagyūr
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*katusagyetar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*katusagyetor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*katusagyommor
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*katusagyedwe
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*katusagyontor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*katusagyonts
|
*katusagyonte
|
*katusagyontes
|
| vocative
|
*katusagyonts
|
*katusagyonte
|
*katusagyontes
|
| accusative
|
*katusagyontam
|
*katusagyonte
|
*katusagyontans
|
| genitive
|
*katusagyantos
|
*?
|
*katusagyantom
|
| dative
|
*katusagyantei
|
*katusagyantbom
|
*katusagyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*katusagyantī?
|
*katusagyantbim
|
*katusagyantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*katusagyantī
|
*katusagyantī
|
*katusagyantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*katusagyantī
|
*katusagyantī
|
*katusagyantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*katusagyantīm
|
*katusagyantī
|
*katusagyantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*katusagyantyās
|
*?
|
*katusagyantyom
|
| dative
|
*katusagyantyāi
|
*katusagyantyābom
|
*katusagyantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*katusagyantyābim
|
*katusagyantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*katusagyont
|
*?
|
*katusagyonta
|
| vocative
|
*katusagyont
|
*?
|
*katusagyonta
|
| accusative
|
*katusagyont
|
*?
|
*katusagyonta
|
| genitive
|
*katusagyantos
|
*?
|
*katusagyantom
|
| dative
|
*katusagyantei
|
*?
|
*katusagyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*katusagyantī?
|
*?
|
*katusagyantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*katusagyomnos
|
*katusagyomnou
|
*katusagyomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*katusagyomne
|
*katusagyomnou
|
*katusagyomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*katusagyomnom
|
*katusagyomnou
|
*katusagyomnons
|
| genitive
|
*katusagyomnī
|
*katusagyomnous
|
*katusagyomnom
|
| dative
|
*katusagyomnūi
|
*katusagyomnobom
|
*katusagyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*katusagyomnū
|
*katusagyomnobim
|
*katusagyomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*katusagyomnā
|
*katusagyomnai
|
*katusagyomnās
|
| vocative
|
*katusagyomnā
|
*katusagyomnai
|
*katusagyomnās
|
| accusative
|
*katusagyomnam
|
*katusagyomnai
|
*katusagyomnans
|
| genitive
|
*katusagyomnās
|
*katusagyomnous
|
*katusagyomnom
|
| dative
|
*katusagyomnai
|
*katusagyomnābom
|
*katusagyomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*katusagyomnābim
|
*katusagyomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*katusagyomnom
|
*katusagyomnou
|
*katusagyomnā
|
| vocative
|
*katusagyomnom
|
*katusagyomnou
|
*katusagyomnā
|
| accusative
|
*katusagyomnom
|
*katusagyomnou
|
*katusagyomnā
|
| genitive
|
*katusagyomnī
|
*katusagyomnous
|
*katusagyomnom
|
| dative
|
*katusagyomnūi
|
*katusagyomnobom
|
*katusagyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*katusagyomnū
|
*katusagyomnobim
|
*katusagyomnobis
|
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *kėdhėɣɨd (absolute), *kadhaɣ (conjunct)
- Old Irish: cathaigidir (with -th- restored from the noun)
References
- ^ Le Mair, Esther (30 September 2011) Secondary Verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish Glosses, Galway: National University of Ireland, pages 179-180