Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kliyos
Proto-Celtic
Alternative reconstructions
- *klēyos[1]
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰 (hleiduma, “left”), and Latin clīvius (“inauspicious”). The left direction was considered a taboo and all Indo-European words meaning "left" come from words meaning "bent" or "crooked" as a result.
Adjective
*kliyos[2]
Inflection
| O/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kliyos | *kliyou | *kliyoi |
| vocative | *kliye | *kliyou | *kliyoi |
| accusative | *kliyom | *kliyou | *kliyons |
| genitive | *kliyī | *kliyous | *kliyom |
| dative | *kliyūi | *kliyobom | *kliyobos |
| instrumental | *kliyū | *kliyobim | *kliyobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kliyā | *kliyai | *kliyās |
| vocative | *kliyā | *kliyai | *kliyās |
| accusative | *kliyam | *kliyai | *kliyans |
| genitive | *kliyās | *kliyous | *kliyom |
| dative | *kliyai | *kliyābom | *kliyābos |
| instrumental | *? | *kliyābim | *kliyābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kliyom | *kliyou | *kliyā |
| vocative | *kliyom | *kliyou | *kliyā |
| accusative | *kliyom | *kliyou | *kliyā |
| genitive | *kliyī | *kliyous | *kliyom |
| dative | *kliyūi | *kliyobom | *kliyobos |
| instrumental | *kliyū | *kliyobim | *kliyobis |
| Declension of the comparative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kliyūs | *? | *kliyoses |
| vocative | *kliyūs | *? | *kliyoses |
| accusative | *kliyosam | *? | *kliyosans |
| genitive | *kliyisos | *? | *kliyisom |
| dative | *kliyisei | *? | *kliyisbos |
| instrumental | *kliyisī | *? | *kliyisbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kliyūs | *? | *kliyoses |
| vocative | *kliyūs | *? | *kliyoses |
| accusative | *kliyosam | *? | *kliyosans |
| genitive | *kliyisos | *? | *kliyisom |
| dative | *kliyisei | *? | *kliyisbos |
| instrumental | *kliyisī | *? | *kliyisbis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kliyis | *? | *? |
| vocative | *kliyis | *? | *? |
| accusative | *kliyis | *? | *? |
| genitive | *kliyisos | *? | *kliyisom |
| dative | *kliyisei | *? | *kliyisbos |
| instrumental | *kliyisī | *? | *kliyisbis |
Derived terms
- *uɸokliyom
Descendants
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*klēyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 207
- ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909] D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, § 94, page 61; reprinted 2017