Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/koilos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Unknown. Pokorny offers a connection to Latvian kails (“bare”), but Delamarre and Matasović identify this comparison as semantically dubious.^[1]^[2]

Adjective

*koilos

thin, narrow

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*koilos	*koilou	*koiloi
vocative	*koile	*koilou	*koiloi
accusative	*koilom	*koilou	*koilons
genitive	*koilī	*koilous	*koilom
dative	*koilūi	*koilobom	*koilobos
instrumental	*koilū	*koilobim	*koilobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*koilā	*koilai	*koilās
vocative	*koilā	*koilai	*koilās
accusative	*koilam	*koilai	*koilans
genitive	*koilās	*koilous	*koilom
dative	*koilai	*koilābom	*koilābos
instrumental	*?	*koilābim	*koilābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*koilom	*koilou	*koilā
vocative	*koilom	*koilou	*koilā
accusative	*koilom	*koilou	*koilā
genitive	*koilī	*koilous	*koilom
dative	*koilūi	*koilobom	*koilobos
instrumental	*koilū	*koilobim	*koilobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*koilyūs	*?	*koilyoses
vocative	*koilyūs	*?	*koilyoses
accusative	*koilyosam	*?	*koilyosans
genitive	*koilisos	*?	*koilisom
dative	*koilisei	*?	*koilisbos
instrumental	*koilisī	*?	*koilisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*koilyūs	*?	*koilyoses
vocative	*koilyūs	*?	*koilyoses
accusative	*koilyosam	*?	*koilyosans
genitive	*koilisos	*?	*koilisom
dative	*koilisei	*?	*koilisbos
instrumental	*koilisī	*?	*koilisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*koilis	*?	*?
vocative	*koilis	*?	*?
accusative	*koilis	*?	*?
genitive	*koilisos	*?	*koilisom
dative	*koilisei	*?	*koilisbos
instrumental	*koilisī	*?	*koilisbis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *kʉl
- Old Cornish: cul
  - Cornish: kul
- Welsh: cul
Old Irish: coíl, cóel
- Middle Irish: cáel
  - Irish: caol
  - Manx: keyl
  - Scottish Gaelic: caol
    - → English: kyle
  - ⇒ Middle Irish: cáelach
  - ⇒ Middle Irish: *cáelas
    - Irish: caolas
    - Manx: keyllys
    - Scottish Gaelic: caolas
Gaulish: Coili (gen. sg.)
- →⇒ Latin: Coilanus

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*koylo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 220
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “coilos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 121

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*koylo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 220

[2] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “coilos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 121

[1]

[2]