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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend”). Cognate with Latin luctor (“to wrestle”) and Old English lūcan (“to lock”).
Verb
*lungeti
- to put, to place
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*lungū
|
*lungemam
|
*liluxsū
|
*lelouga
|
| 2nd singular
|
*lungesi
|
*lungetās
|
*liluxsesi
|
*lelougas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*lungeti
|
*lungeto
|
*liluxseti
|
*lelouge
|
| 1st plural
|
*lungomosi
|
*lungemo
|
*liluxsomosi
|
*lelougmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*lungetesi
|
*lungestē
|
*liluxsetesi
|
*lelouxte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*lungonti
|
*lungento
|
*liluxsonti
|
*lelougars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*lounxsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*lounxsesi
|
?
|
*lunge
|
| 3rd singular
|
*lounxseti
|
?
|
*lungetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*lounxsomosi
|
?
|
*lungomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*lounxsetesi
|
?
|
*lungete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*lounxsonti
|
?
|
*lungontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*lungūr
|
—
|
*liluxsūr
|
*lelougra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*lungetar
|
—
|
*liluxsetar
|
*lelougras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*lungetor
|
?
|
*liluxsetor
|
*lelougre
|
| 1st plural
|
*lungommor
|
—
|
*liluxsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*lungedwe
|
—
|
*liluxsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*lungontor
|
?
|
*liluxsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*lounxsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*lounxsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*lounxsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*lounxsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*lounxsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*lounxsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lungonts
|
*lungonte
|
*lungontes
|
| vocative
|
*lungonts
|
*lungonte
|
*lungontes
|
| accusative
|
*lungontam
|
*lungonte
|
*lungontans
|
| genitive
|
*lungantos
|
*?
|
*lungantom
|
| dative
|
*lungantei
|
*lungantbom
|
*lungantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*lungantī?
|
*lungantbim
|
*lungantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lungantī
|
*lungantī
|
*lungantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*lungantī
|
*lungantī
|
*lungantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*lungantīm
|
*lungantī
|
*lungantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*lungantyās
|
*?
|
*lungantyom
|
| dative
|
*lungantyāi
|
*lungantyābom
|
*lungantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*lungantyābim
|
*lungantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lungont
|
*?
|
*lungonta
|
| vocative
|
*lungont
|
*?
|
*lungonta
|
| accusative
|
*lungont
|
*?
|
*lungonta
|
| genitive
|
*lungantos
|
*?
|
*lungantom
|
| dative
|
*lungantei
|
*?
|
*lungantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*lungantī?
|
*?
|
*lungantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lungomnos
|
*lungomnou
|
*lungomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*lungomne
|
*lungomnou
|
*lungomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*lungomnom
|
*lungomnou
|
*lungomnons
|
| genitive
|
*lungomnī
|
*lungomnous
|
*lungomnom
|
| dative
|
*lungomnūi
|
*lungomnobom
|
*lungomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*lungomnū
|
*lungomnobim
|
*lungomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lungomnā
|
*lungomnai
|
*lungomnās
|
| vocative
|
*lungomnā
|
*lungomnai
|
*lungomnās
|
| accusative
|
*lungomnam
|
*lungomnai
|
*lungomnans
|
| genitive
|
*lungomnās
|
*lungomnous
|
*lungomnom
|
| dative
|
*lungomnai
|
*lungomnābom
|
*lungomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*lungomnābim
|
*lungomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lungomnom
|
*lungomnou
|
*lungomnā
|
| vocative
|
*lungomnom
|
*lungomnou
|
*lungomnā
|
| accusative
|
*lungomnom
|
*lungomnou
|
*lungomnā
|
| genitive
|
*lungomnī
|
*lungomnous
|
*lungomnom
|
| dative
|
*lungomnūi
|
*lungomnobom
|
*lungomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*lungomnū
|
*lungomnobim
|
*lungomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*luxtos
|
*luxtou
|
*luxtoi
|
| vocative
|
*luxte
|
*luxtou
|
*luxtoi
|
| accusative
|
*luxtom
|
*luxtou
|
*luxtons
|
| genitive
|
*luxtī
|
*luxtous
|
*luxtom
|
| dative
|
*luxtūi
|
*luxtobom
|
*luxtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*luxtū
|
*luxtobim
|
*luxtobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*luxtā
|
*luxtai
|
*luxtās
|
| vocative
|
*luxtā
|
*luxtai
|
*luxtās
|
| accusative
|
*luxtam
|
*luxtai
|
*luxtans
|
| genitive
|
*luxtās
|
*luxtous
|
*luxtom
|
| dative
|
*luxtai
|
*luxtābom
|
*luxtābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*luxtābim
|
*luxtābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*luxtom
|
*luxtou
|
*luxtā
|
| vocative
|
*luxtom
|
*luxtou
|
*luxtā
|
| accusative
|
*luxtom
|
*luxtou
|
*luxtā
|
| genitive
|
*luxtī
|
*luxtous
|
*luxtom
|
| dative
|
*luxtūi
|
*luxtobom
|
*luxtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*luxtū
|
*luxtobim
|
*luxtobis
|
Derived terms
- *dī-exs-lungeti
- *eni-lungeti
- *exs-lungeti
- *uɸo-lungeti
- *uɸo-exs-lungeti
Descendants