Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/madyeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Possibly from (and formally derivable from) Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (to be wet, moist), though the semantic connection is weak; the evolution could have been from describing the bursting of streams and torrents to the more general use of breaking and bursting. Similar sense development is found in Serbo-Croatian prsnuti (to explode, blow up) and prskati (to sprinkle, squirt, water).

Verb

*madyeti[1]

  1. to break, burst

Declension

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *madyū *madyemam *mimatsū *memāda
2nd singular *madyesi *madyetās *mimatsesi *memādas?
3rd singular *madyeti *madyeto *mimatseti *memāde
1st plural *madyomosi *madyemo *mimatsomosi *memādmo
2nd plural *madyetesi *madyestē *mimatsetesi *memāsse
3rd plural *madyonti *madyento *mimatsonti *memādars
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *mātsū ?
2nd singular *mātsesi ? *madye
3rd singular *mātseti ? *madyetou
1st plural *mātsomosi ? *madyomos
2nd plural *mātsetesi ? *madyete
3rd plural *mātsonti ? *madyontou
Passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *madyūr *mimatsūr *memādra
2nd singular *madyetar *mimatsetar *memādras?
3rd singular *madyetor ? *mimatsetor *memādre
1st plural *madyommor *mimatsommor ?
2nd plural *madyedwe *mimatsedwe ?
3rd plural *madyontor ? *mimatsontor ?
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *mātsūr
2nd singular *mātsetar
3rd singular *mātsetor
1st plural *mātsommor
2nd plural *mātsedwe
3rd plural *mātsontor
Declension of the present participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *madyonts *madyonte *madyontes
vocative *madyonts *madyonte *madyontes
accusative *madyontam *madyonte *madyontans
genitive *madyantos *? *madyantom
dative *madyantei *madyantbom *madyantbos
instrumental *madyantī? *madyantbim *madyantbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *madyantī *madyantī *madyantiyās
vocative *madyantī *madyantī *madyantiyās
accusative *madyantīm *madyantī *madyantiyans
genitive *madyantyās *? *madyantyom
dative *madyantyāi *madyantyābom *madyantyābos
instrumental *? *madyantyābim *madyantyābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *madyont *? *madyonta
vocative *madyont *? *madyonta
accusative *madyont *? *madyonta
genitive *madyantos *? *madyantom
dative *madyantei *? *madyantbos
instrumental *madyantī? *? *madyantbis
Declension of the middle participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *madyomnos *madyomnou *madyomnoi
vocative *madyomne *madyomnou *madyomnoi
accusative *madyomnom *madyomnou *madyomnons
genitive *madyomnī *madyomnous *madyomnom
dative *madyomnūi *madyomnobom *madyomnobos
instrumental *madyomnū *madyomnobim *madyomnobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *madyomnā *madyomnai *madyomnās
vocative *madyomnā *madyomnai *madyomnās
accusative *madyomnam *madyomnai *madyomnans
genitive *madyomnās *madyomnous *madyomnom
dative *madyomnai *madyomnābom *madyomnābos
instrumental *? *madyomnābim *madyomnābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *madyomnom *madyomnou *madyomnā
vocative *madyomnom *madyomnou *madyomnā
accusative *madyomnom *madyomnou *madyomnā
genitive *madyomnī *madyomnous *madyomnom
dative *madyomnūi *madyomnobom *madyomnobos
instrumental *madyomnū *madyomnobim *madyomnobis
Declension of the past participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *massos *massou *massoi
vocative *masse *massou *massoi
accusative *massom *massou *massons
genitive *massī *massous *massom
dative *massūi *massobom *massobos
instrumental *massū *massobim *massobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *massā *massai *massās
vocative *massā *massai *massās
accusative *massam *massai *massans
genitive *massās *massous *massom
dative *massai *massābom *massābos
instrumental *? *massābim *massābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *massom *massou *massā
vocative *massom *massou *massā
accusative *massom *massou *massā
genitive *massī *massous *massom
dative *massūi *massobom *massobos
instrumental *massū *massobim *massobis

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *mėðjɨd
    • Middle Breton: mezaff
      • Breton: mezañ
    • Middle Welsh: maeðu
  • Old Irish: maidid
    • Irish: maígh, maidhm (denominal re-formation from the verbal noun)

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*mad-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 251-52