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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
Possibly from (and formally derivable from) Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“to be wet, moist”), though the semantic connection is weak; the evolution could have been from describing the bursting of streams and torrents to the more general use of breaking and bursting. Similar sense development is found in Serbo-Croatian prsnuti (“to explode, blow up”) and prskati (“to sprinkle, squirt, water”).
Verb
*madyeti[1]
- to break, burst
Declension
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*madyū
|
*madyemam
|
*mimatsū
|
*memāda
|
| 2nd singular
|
*madyesi
|
*madyetās
|
*mimatsesi
|
*memādas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*madyeti
|
*madyeto
|
*mimatseti
|
*memāde
|
| 1st plural
|
*madyomosi
|
*madyemo
|
*mimatsomosi
|
*memādmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*madyetesi
|
*madyestē
|
*mimatsetesi
|
*memāsse
|
| 3rd plural
|
*madyonti
|
*madyento
|
*mimatsonti
|
*memādars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*mātsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*mātsesi
|
?
|
*madye
|
| 3rd singular
|
*mātseti
|
?
|
*madyetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*mātsomosi
|
?
|
*madyomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*mātsetesi
|
?
|
*madyete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*mātsonti
|
?
|
*madyontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*madyūr
|
—
|
*mimatsūr
|
*memādra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*madyetar
|
—
|
*mimatsetar
|
*memādras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*madyetor
|
?
|
*mimatsetor
|
*memādre
|
| 1st plural
|
*madyommor
|
—
|
*mimatsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*madyedwe
|
—
|
*mimatsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*madyontor
|
?
|
*mimatsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*mātsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*mātsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*mātsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*mātsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*mātsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*mātsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*madyonts
|
*madyonte
|
*madyontes
|
| vocative
|
*madyonts
|
*madyonte
|
*madyontes
|
| accusative
|
*madyontam
|
*madyonte
|
*madyontans
|
| genitive
|
*madyantos
|
*?
|
*madyantom
|
| dative
|
*madyantei
|
*madyantbom
|
*madyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*madyantī?
|
*madyantbim
|
*madyantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*madyantī
|
*madyantī
|
*madyantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*madyantī
|
*madyantī
|
*madyantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*madyantīm
|
*madyantī
|
*madyantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*madyantyās
|
*?
|
*madyantyom
|
| dative
|
*madyantyāi
|
*madyantyābom
|
*madyantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*madyantyābim
|
*madyantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*madyont
|
*?
|
*madyonta
|
| vocative
|
*madyont
|
*?
|
*madyonta
|
| accusative
|
*madyont
|
*?
|
*madyonta
|
| genitive
|
*madyantos
|
*?
|
*madyantom
|
| dative
|
*madyantei
|
*?
|
*madyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*madyantī?
|
*?
|
*madyantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*madyomnos
|
*madyomnou
|
*madyomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*madyomne
|
*madyomnou
|
*madyomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*madyomnom
|
*madyomnou
|
*madyomnons
|
| genitive
|
*madyomnī
|
*madyomnous
|
*madyomnom
|
| dative
|
*madyomnūi
|
*madyomnobom
|
*madyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*madyomnū
|
*madyomnobim
|
*madyomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*madyomnā
|
*madyomnai
|
*madyomnās
|
| vocative
|
*madyomnā
|
*madyomnai
|
*madyomnās
|
| accusative
|
*madyomnam
|
*madyomnai
|
*madyomnans
|
| genitive
|
*madyomnās
|
*madyomnous
|
*madyomnom
|
| dative
|
*madyomnai
|
*madyomnābom
|
*madyomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*madyomnābim
|
*madyomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*madyomnom
|
*madyomnou
|
*madyomnā
|
| vocative
|
*madyomnom
|
*madyomnou
|
*madyomnā
|
| accusative
|
*madyomnom
|
*madyomnou
|
*madyomnā
|
| genitive
|
*madyomnī
|
*madyomnous
|
*madyomnom
|
| dative
|
*madyomnūi
|
*madyomnobom
|
*madyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*madyomnū
|
*madyomnobim
|
*madyomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*massos
|
*massou
|
*massoi
|
| vocative
|
*masse
|
*massou
|
*massoi
|
| accusative
|
*massom
|
*massou
|
*massons
|
| genitive
|
*massī
|
*massous
|
*massom
|
| dative
|
*massūi
|
*massobom
|
*massobos
|
| instrumental
|
*massū
|
*massobim
|
*massobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*massā
|
*massai
|
*massās
|
| vocative
|
*massā
|
*massai
|
*massās
|
| accusative
|
*massam
|
*massai
|
*massans
|
| genitive
|
*massās
|
*massous
|
*massom
|
| dative
|
*massai
|
*massābom
|
*massābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*massābim
|
*massābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*massom
|
*massou
|
*massā
|
| vocative
|
*massom
|
*massou
|
*massā
|
| accusative
|
*massom
|
*massou
|
*massā
|
| genitive
|
*massī
|
*massous
|
*massom
|
| dative
|
*massūi
|
*massobom
|
*massobos
|
| instrumental
|
*massū
|
*massobim
|
*massobis
|
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *mėðjɨd
- Middle Breton: mezaff
- Middle Welsh: maeðu
- Old Irish: maidid
- Irish: maígh, maidhm (denominal re-formation from the verbal noun)
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*mad-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 251-52