|
|
This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to row”).
Verb
*rāyeti
- to row (with oars)
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*rāyū
|
*rāyemam
|
*rirasū
|
*rerū
|
| 2nd singular
|
*rāyesi
|
*rāyetās
|
*rirasesi
|
*rerūs
|
| 3rd singular
|
*rāyeti
|
*rāyeto
|
*riraseti
|
*rerū
|
| 1st plural
|
*rāyomosi
|
*rāyemo
|
*rirasomosi
|
*reramo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*rāyetesi
|
*rāyestē
|
*rirasetesi
|
*rerate
|
| 3rd plural
|
*rāyonti
|
*rāyento
|
*rirasonti
|
*rerars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*rīsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*rīsesi
|
?
|
*rāye
|
| 3rd singular
|
*rīseti
|
?
|
*rāyetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*rīsomosi
|
?
|
*rāyomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*rīsetesi
|
?
|
*rāyete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*rīsonti
|
?
|
*rāyontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*rāyūr
|
—
|
*rirasūr
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*rāyetar
|
—
|
*rirasetar
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*rāyetor
|
?
|
*rirasetor
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*rāyommor
|
—
|
*rirasommor
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*rāyedwe
|
—
|
*rirasedwe
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*rāyontor
|
?
|
*rirasontor
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*rīsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*rīsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*rīsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*rīsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*rīsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*rīsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rāyonts
|
*rāyonte
|
*rāyontes
|
| vocative
|
*rāyonts
|
*rāyonte
|
*rāyontes
|
| accusative
|
*rāyontam
|
*rāyonte
|
*rāyontans
|
| genitive
|
*rāyantos
|
*?
|
*rāyantom
|
| dative
|
*rāyantei
|
*rāyantbom
|
*rāyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*rāyantī?
|
*rāyantbim
|
*rāyantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rāyantī
|
*rāyantī
|
*rāyantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*rāyantī
|
*rāyantī
|
*rāyantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*rāyantīm
|
*rāyantī
|
*rāyantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*rāyantyās
|
*?
|
*rāyantyom
|
| dative
|
*rāyantyāi
|
*rāyantyābom
|
*rāyantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*rāyantyābim
|
*rāyantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rāyont
|
*?
|
*rāyonta
|
| vocative
|
*rāyont
|
*?
|
*rāyonta
|
| accusative
|
*rāyont
|
*?
|
*rāyonta
|
| genitive
|
*rāyantos
|
*?
|
*rāyantom
|
| dative
|
*rāyantei
|
*?
|
*rāyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*rāyantī?
|
*?
|
*rāyantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rāyomnos
|
*rāyomnou
|
*rāyomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*rāyomne
|
*rāyomnou
|
*rāyomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*rāyomnom
|
*rāyomnou
|
*rāyomnons
|
| genitive
|
*rāyomnī
|
*rāyomnous
|
*rāyomnom
|
| dative
|
*rāyomnūi
|
*rāyomnobom
|
*rāyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*rāyomnū
|
*rāyomnobim
|
*rāyomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rāyomnā
|
*rāyomnai
|
*rāyomnās
|
| vocative
|
*rāyomnā
|
*rāyomnai
|
*rāyomnās
|
| accusative
|
*rāyomnam
|
*rāyomnai
|
*rāyomnans
|
| genitive
|
*rāyomnās
|
*rāyomnous
|
*rāyomnom
|
| dative
|
*rāyomnai
|
*rāyomnābom
|
*rāyomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*rāyomnābim
|
*rāyomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rāyomnom
|
*rāyomnou
|
*rāyomnā
|
| vocative
|
*rāyomnom
|
*rāyomnou
|
*rāyomnā
|
| accusative
|
*rāyomnom
|
*rāyomnou
|
*rāyomnā
|
| genitive
|
*rāyomnī
|
*rāyomnous
|
*rāyomnom
|
| dative
|
*rāyomnūi
|
*rāyomnobom
|
*rāyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*rāyomnū
|
*rāyomnobim
|
*rāyomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ratos
|
*ratou
|
*ratoi
|
| vocative
|
*rate
|
*ratou
|
*ratoi
|
| accusative
|
*ratom
|
*ratou
|
*ratons
|
| genitive
|
*ratī
|
*ratous
|
*ratom
|
| dative
|
*ratūi
|
*ratobom
|
*ratobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ratū
|
*ratobim
|
*ratobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ratā
|
*ratai
|
*ratās
|
| vocative
|
*ratā
|
*ratai
|
*ratās
|
| accusative
|
*ratam
|
*ratai
|
*ratans
|
| genitive
|
*ratās
|
*ratous
|
*ratom
|
| dative
|
*ratai
|
*ratābom
|
*ratābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ratābim
|
*ratābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ratom
|
*ratou
|
*ratā
|
| vocative
|
*ratom
|
*ratou
|
*ratā
|
| accusative
|
*ratom
|
*ratou
|
*ratā
|
| genitive
|
*ratī
|
*ratous
|
*ratom
|
| dative
|
*ratūi
|
*ratobom
|
*ratobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ratū
|
*ratobim
|
*ratobis
|
Derived terms
Descendants
Further reading
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “ra-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 306