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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(H)rek- (“to arrange, set in order”). Conventionally linked to Proto-Slavic *reťi (“to say”), Tocharian B reki (“word”), and Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rahnjan, “to count, calculate”).[1]
Verb
*reketi
- to arrange
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*rekū
|
*rekemam
|
*rir(e)xsū
|
*reroka
|
| 2nd singular
|
*rekesi
|
*reketās
|
*rir(e)xsesi
|
*rerokas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*reketi
|
*reketo
|
*rir(e)xseti
|
*reroke
|
| 1st plural
|
*rekomosi
|
*rekemo
|
*rir(e)xsomosi
|
*rerokmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*reketesi
|
*rekestē
|
*rir(e)xsetesi
|
*reroxte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*rekonti
|
*rekento
|
*rir(e)xsonti
|
*rerokars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*rexsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*rexsesi
|
?
|
*reke
|
| 3rd singular
|
*rexseti
|
?
|
*reketou
|
| 1st plural
|
*rexsomosi
|
?
|
*rekomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*rexsetesi
|
?
|
*rekete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*rexsonti
|
?
|
*rekontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*rekūr
|
—
|
*rir(e)xsūr
|
*rerokra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*reketar
|
—
|
*rir(e)xsetar
|
*rerokras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*reketor
|
?
|
*rir(e)xsetor
|
*rerokre
|
| 1st plural
|
*rekommor
|
—
|
*rir(e)xsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*rekedwe
|
—
|
*rir(e)xsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*rekontor
|
?
|
*rir(e)xsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*rexsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*rexsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*rexsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*rexsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*rexsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*rexsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rekonts
|
*rekonte
|
*rekontes
|
| vocative
|
*rekonts
|
*rekonte
|
*rekontes
|
| accusative
|
*rekontam
|
*rekonte
|
*rekontans
|
| genitive
|
*rekantos
|
*?
|
*rekantom
|
| dative
|
*rekantei
|
*rekantbom
|
*rekantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*rekantī?
|
*rekantbim
|
*rekantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rekantī
|
*rekantī
|
*rekantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*rekantī
|
*rekantī
|
*rekantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*rekantīm
|
*rekantī
|
*rekantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*rekantyās
|
*?
|
*rekantyom
|
| dative
|
*rekantyāi
|
*rekantyābom
|
*rekantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*rekantyābim
|
*rekantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rekont
|
*?
|
*rekonta
|
| vocative
|
*rekont
|
*?
|
*rekonta
|
| accusative
|
*rekont
|
*?
|
*rekonta
|
| genitive
|
*rekantos
|
*?
|
*rekantom
|
| dative
|
*rekantei
|
*?
|
*rekantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*rekantī?
|
*?
|
*rekantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rekomnos
|
*rekomnou
|
*rekomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*rekomne
|
*rekomnou
|
*rekomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*rekomnom
|
*rekomnou
|
*rekomnons
|
| genitive
|
*rekomnī
|
*rekomnous
|
*rekomnom
|
| dative
|
*rekomnūi
|
*rekomnobom
|
*rekomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*rekomnū
|
*rekomnobim
|
*rekomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rekomnā
|
*rekomnai
|
*rekomnās
|
| vocative
|
*rekomnā
|
*rekomnai
|
*rekomnās
|
| accusative
|
*rekomnam
|
*rekomnai
|
*rekomnans
|
| genitive
|
*rekomnās
|
*rekomnous
|
*rekomnom
|
| dative
|
*rekomnai
|
*rekomnābom
|
*rekomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*rekomnābim
|
*rekomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rekomnom
|
*rekomnou
|
*rekomnā
|
| vocative
|
*rekomnom
|
*rekomnou
|
*rekomnā
|
| accusative
|
*rekomnom
|
*rekomnou
|
*rekomnā
|
| genitive
|
*rekomnī
|
*rekomnous
|
*rekomnom
|
| dative
|
*rekomnūi
|
*rekomnobom
|
*rekomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*rekomnū
|
*rekomnobim
|
*rekomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rixtos
|
*rixtou
|
*rixtoi
|
| vocative
|
*rixte
|
*rixtou
|
*rixtoi
|
| accusative
|
*rixtom
|
*rixtou
|
*rixtons
|
| genitive
|
*rixtī
|
*rixtous
|
*rixtom
|
| dative
|
*rixtūi
|
*rixtobom
|
*rixtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*rixtū
|
*rixtobim
|
*rixtobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rixtā
|
*rixtai
|
*rixtās
|
| vocative
|
*rixtā
|
*rixtai
|
*rixtās
|
| accusative
|
*rixtam
|
*rixtai
|
*rixtans
|
| genitive
|
*rixtās
|
*rixtous
|
*rixtom
|
| dative
|
*rixtai
|
*rixtābom
|
*rixtābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*rixtābim
|
*rixtābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rixtom
|
*rixtou
|
*rixtā
|
| vocative
|
*rixtom
|
*rixtou
|
*rixtā
|
| accusative
|
*rixtom
|
*rixtou
|
*rixtā
|
| genitive
|
*rixtī
|
*rixtous
|
*rixtom
|
| dative
|
*rixtūi
|
*rixtobom
|
*rixtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*rixtū
|
*rixtobim
|
*rixtobis
|
Derived terms
Descendants
All descendants are prefixed with *ati-.
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*rek-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 308
- ^ Schrijver, Peter (2022) “The Development of Proto-Celtic *st in British Celtic”, in Simon Rodway, Jenny Rowland, and Erich Poppe, editors, Celts, Gaels, and Britons: Studies in Language and Literature from Antiquity to the Middle Ages in Honour of Patrick Sims-Williams (Medieval Texts and Cultures of Northern Europe), Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, →ISBN
- ^ Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) “-rech-”, in Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, §3.1.96, page 276