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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti (“to be red”), a stative formation from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).[1] Exact cognates include Latin rubeō and Proto-Slavic *rъděti.
Verb
*rudīti
- to redden
Inflection
| Ī-present
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*rudeyū
|
*rudīmam
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*rudīsi
|
*rudītās
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*rudīti
|
*rudīto
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*rudeyomosi
|
*rudīmo
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*rudītesi
|
*rudīstē
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*rudeyonti
|
*rudīnto
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*rudī
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*rudītou
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
?
|
*rudeyomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*rudīte
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*rudeyontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*rudeyūr
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*rudītar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*rudītor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*rudeyommor
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*rudīdwe
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*rudeyontor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rudeyonts
|
*rudeyonte
|
*rudeyontes
|
| vocative
|
*rudeyonts
|
*rudeyonte
|
*rudeyontes
|
| accusative
|
*rudeyontam
|
*rudeyonte
|
*rudeyontans
|
| genitive
|
*rudeyantos
|
*?
|
*rudeyantom
|
| dative
|
*rudeyantei
|
*rudeyantbom
|
*rudeyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*rudeyantī?
|
*rudeyantbim
|
*rudeyantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rudeyantī
|
*rudeyantī
|
*rudeyantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*rudeyantī
|
*rudeyantī
|
*rudeyantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*rudeyantīm
|
*rudeyantī
|
*rudeyantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*rudeyantyās
|
*?
|
*rudeyantyom
|
| dative
|
*rudeyantyāi
|
*rudeyantyābom
|
*rudeyantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*rudeyantyābim
|
*rudeyantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rudeyont
|
*?
|
*rudeyonta
|
| vocative
|
*rudeyont
|
*?
|
*rudeyonta
|
| accusative
|
*rudeyont
|
*?
|
*rudeyonta
|
| genitive
|
*rudeyantos
|
*?
|
*rudeyantom
|
| dative
|
*rudeyantei
|
*?
|
*rudeyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*rudeyantī?
|
*?
|
*rudeyantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rudeyomnos
|
*rudeyomnou
|
*rudeyomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*rudeyomne
|
*rudeyomnou
|
*rudeyomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*rudeyomnom
|
*rudeyomnou
|
*rudeyomnons
|
| genitive
|
*rudeyomnī
|
*rudeyomnous
|
*rudeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*rudeyomnūi
|
*rudeyomnobom
|
*rudeyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*rudeyomnū
|
*rudeyomnobim
|
*rudeyomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rudeyomnā
|
*rudeyomnai
|
*rudeyomnās
|
| vocative
|
*rudeyomnā
|
*rudeyomnai
|
*rudeyomnās
|
| accusative
|
*rudeyomnam
|
*rudeyomnai
|
*rudeyomnans
|
| genitive
|
*rudeyomnās
|
*rudeyomnous
|
*rudeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*rudeyomnai
|
*rudeyomnābom
|
*rudeyomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*rudeyomnābim
|
*rudeyomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rudeyomnom
|
*rudeyomnou
|
*rudeyomnā
|
| vocative
|
*rudeyomnom
|
*rudeyomnou
|
*rudeyomnā
|
| accusative
|
*rudeyomnom
|
*rudeyomnou
|
*rudeyomnā
|
| genitive
|
*rudeyomnī
|
*rudeyomnous
|
*rudeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*rudeyomnūi
|
*rudeyomnobom
|
*rudeyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*rudeyomnū
|
*rudeyomnobim
|
*rudeyomnobis
|
Descendants
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*rud-ī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 316