Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ruteinos
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
According to Schaffner, from a -nos derivative of *rutis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂rew- (“to glow, shine”).[1]
Adjective
Inflection
| O/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ruteinos | *ruteinou | *ruteinoi |
| vocative | *ruteine | *ruteinou | *ruteinoi |
| accusative | *ruteinom | *ruteinou | *ruteinons |
| genitive | *ruteinī | *ruteinous | *ruteinom |
| dative | *ruteinūi | *ruteinobom | *ruteinobos |
| instrumental | *ruteinū | *ruteinobim | *ruteinobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ruteinā | *ruteinai | *ruteinās |
| vocative | *ruteinā | *ruteinai | *ruteinās |
| accusative | *ruteinam | *ruteinai | *ruteinans |
| genitive | *ruteinās | *ruteinous | *ruteinom |
| dative | *ruteinai | *ruteinābom | *ruteinābos |
| instrumental | *? | *ruteinābim | *ruteinābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ruteinom | *ruteinou | *ruteinā |
| vocative | *ruteinom | *ruteinou | *ruteinā |
| accusative | *ruteinom | *ruteinou | *ruteinā |
| genitive | *ruteinī | *ruteinous | *ruteinom |
| dative | *ruteinūi | *ruteinobom | *ruteinobos |
| instrumental | *ruteinū | *ruteinobim | *ruteinobis |
| Declension of the comparative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ruteinyūs | *? | *ruteinyoses |
| vocative | *ruteinyūs | *? | *ruteinyoses |
| accusative | *ruteinyosam | *? | *ruteinyosans |
| genitive | *ruteinisos | *? | *ruteinisom |
| dative | *ruteinisei | *? | *ruteinisbos |
| instrumental | *ruteinisī | *? | *ruteinisbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ruteinyūs | *? | *ruteinyoses |
| vocative | *ruteinyūs | *? | *ruteinyoses |
| accusative | *ruteinyosam | *? | *ruteinyosans |
| genitive | *ruteinisos | *? | *ruteinisom |
| dative | *ruteinisei | *? | *ruteinisbos |
| instrumental | *ruteinisī | *? | *ruteinisbis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ruteinis | *? | *? |
| vocative | *ruteinis | *? | *? |
| accusative | *ruteinis | *? | *? |
| genitive | *ruteinisos | *? | *ruteinisom |
| dative | *ruteinisei | *? | *ruteinisbos |
| instrumental | *ruteinisī | *? | *ruteinisbis |
Reconstruction notes
The palatalization in Old Irish ruithen is irregular, as *e and *ei normally do not palatalize preceding consonants that are preceded by a non-front vowel. The word may have been reshaped to *rutinos in Goidelic, which should regularly yield palatalization.
Descendants
- Gaulish: *rutēnos (“red-haired?”)
- → Latin: Rutēnī, Rutēnus
- Old Irish: ruithen (“ray or beam of light”) (with irregular palatalization)
- Middle Irish: ruithen
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Schaffner, Stefan (2016–2017) “Lateinisch rutilus ‘rötlich, gelbrot, goldgelb’, altir. ruithen ‘Strahl, Glanz’ und kymr. rwt ‘Korrosion’”, in Die Sprache (in German), volume 52, number 1, pages 102–123
- ^ Prósper, Blanca María (2024) “Celto-Venetica: Indo-European Names from North-Eastern Italy and the Dialectal Classification of Venetic”, in Voprosy Onomastiki, volume 21, number 2, pages 9-50