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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g-.
Verb
*sagyeti[1]
- to seek
Declension
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*sagyū
|
*sagyemam
|
*sisaxsū
|
*sesāga
|
| 2nd singular
|
*sagyesi
|
*sagyetās
|
*sisaxsesi
|
*sesāgas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*sagyeti
|
*sagyeto
|
*sisaxseti
|
*sesāge
|
| 1st plural
|
*sagyomosi
|
*sagyemo
|
*sisaxsomosi
|
*sesāgmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*sagyetesi
|
*sagyestē
|
*sisaxsetesi
|
*sesāxte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*sagyonti
|
*sagyento
|
*sisaxsonti
|
*sesāgars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*sāxsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*sāxsesi
|
?
|
*sagye
|
| 3rd singular
|
*sāxseti
|
?
|
*sagyetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*sāxsomosi
|
?
|
*sagyomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*sāxsetesi
|
?
|
*sagyete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*sāxsonti
|
?
|
*sagyontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*sagyūr
|
—
|
*sisaxsūr
|
*sesāgra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*sagyetar
|
—
|
*sisaxsetar
|
*sesāgras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*sagyetor
|
?
|
*sisaxsetor
|
*sesāgre
|
| 1st plural
|
*sagyommor
|
—
|
*sisaxsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*sagyedwe
|
—
|
*sisaxsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*sagyontor
|
?
|
*sisaxsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*sāxsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*sāxsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*sāxsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*sāxsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*sāxsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*sāxsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sagyonts
|
*sagyonte
|
*sagyontes
|
| vocative
|
*sagyonts
|
*sagyonte
|
*sagyontes
|
| accusative
|
*sagyontam
|
*sagyonte
|
*sagyontans
|
| genitive
|
*sagyantos
|
*?
|
*sagyantom
|
| dative
|
*sagyantei
|
*sagyantbom
|
*sagyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*sagyantī?
|
*sagyantbim
|
*sagyantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sagyantī
|
*sagyantī
|
*sagyantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*sagyantī
|
*sagyantī
|
*sagyantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*sagyantīm
|
*sagyantī
|
*sagyantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*sagyantyās
|
*?
|
*sagyantyom
|
| dative
|
*sagyantyāi
|
*sagyantyābom
|
*sagyantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*sagyantyābim
|
*sagyantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sagyont
|
*?
|
*sagyonta
|
| vocative
|
*sagyont
|
*?
|
*sagyonta
|
| accusative
|
*sagyont
|
*?
|
*sagyonta
|
| genitive
|
*sagyantos
|
*?
|
*sagyantom
|
| dative
|
*sagyantei
|
*?
|
*sagyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*sagyantī?
|
*?
|
*sagyantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sagyomnos
|
*sagyomnou
|
*sagyomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*sagyomne
|
*sagyomnou
|
*sagyomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*sagyomnom
|
*sagyomnou
|
*sagyomnons
|
| genitive
|
*sagyomnī
|
*sagyomnous
|
*sagyomnom
|
| dative
|
*sagyomnūi
|
*sagyomnobom
|
*sagyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*sagyomnū
|
*sagyomnobim
|
*sagyomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sagyomnā
|
*sagyomnai
|
*sagyomnās
|
| vocative
|
*sagyomnā
|
*sagyomnai
|
*sagyomnās
|
| accusative
|
*sagyomnam
|
*sagyomnai
|
*sagyomnans
|
| genitive
|
*sagyomnās
|
*sagyomnous
|
*sagyomnom
|
| dative
|
*sagyomnai
|
*sagyomnābom
|
*sagyomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*sagyomnābim
|
*sagyomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sagyomnom
|
*sagyomnou
|
*sagyomnā
|
| vocative
|
*sagyomnom
|
*sagyomnou
|
*sagyomnā
|
| accusative
|
*sagyomnom
|
*sagyomnou
|
*sagyomnā
|
| genitive
|
*sagyomnī
|
*sagyomnous
|
*sagyomnom
|
| dative
|
*sagyomnūi
|
*sagyomnobom
|
*sagyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*sagyomnū
|
*sagyomnobim
|
*sagyomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*saxtos
|
*saxtou
|
*saxtoi
|
| vocative
|
*saxte
|
*saxtou
|
*saxtoi
|
| accusative
|
*saxtom
|
*saxtou
|
*saxtons
|
| genitive
|
*saxtī
|
*saxtous
|
*saxtom
|
| dative
|
*saxtūi
|
*saxtobom
|
*saxtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*saxtū
|
*saxtobim
|
*saxtobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*saxtā
|
*saxtai
|
*saxtās
|
| vocative
|
*saxtā
|
*saxtai
|
*saxtās
|
| accusative
|
*saxtam
|
*saxtai
|
*saxtans
|
| genitive
|
*saxtās
|
*saxtous
|
*saxtom
|
| dative
|
*saxtai
|
*saxtābom
|
*saxtābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*saxtābim
|
*saxtābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*saxtom
|
*saxtou
|
*saxtā
|
| vocative
|
*saxtom
|
*saxtou
|
*saxtā
|
| accusative
|
*saxtom
|
*saxtou
|
*saxtā
|
| genitive
|
*saxtī
|
*saxtous
|
*saxtom
|
| dative
|
*saxtūi
|
*saxtobom
|
*saxtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*saxtū
|
*saxtobim
|
*saxtobis
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Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Middle Breton: dir-haes
- Breton: diraez (“attain, access”)
- Cornish: hedhes (“achieve, attain, reach”), drehedhes (“access, arrive, reach”)
- Welsh: haeddu (“attempt”), cyrraedd (“arrive”)
- Old Irish: saigid
- ⇒ Gaulish: Tecto-sagi
- ⇒ Gallaecian: Rigósages (possibly)
- >? Latin: Curmisagius
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sag-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 318