Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/samosiskʷī

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From *samos (“summer”) +‎ *siskʷos (“sterile, dry”).[1]

Noun

*samosiskʷī f

  1. heifer, sterile cow

Declension

Feminine ī/yā-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *samosiskʷī *samosiskʷī *samosiskʷiyās
vocative *samosiskʷī *samosiskʷī *samosiskʷiyās
accusative *samosiskʷīm *samosiskʷī *samosiskʷīns
genitive *samosiskʷyās *samosiskʷyous *samosiskʷyom
dative *samosiskʷyai *samosiskʷyābom *samosiskʷyābos
locative *? *? *?
instrumental *? *samosiskʷyābim *samosiskʷyābis

Reconstruction notes

  • The ī-stem inflection that Matasović reconstructs based on Goidelic cannot account for the Brittonic forms. Only a form *samosiskʷā can account for Brittonic.
    • In the nominative singular, the first vowel should have been i-affected to yield **Hefysp in Welsh or the like. Instead, the Welsh indicates that a-affection, not i-affection, happened.
    • Deriving from an oblique stem is not an option since this should yield **Hafysp, with neither a-affection nor i-affection having occurred.
  • The final -k in Breton is irregular; a labial consonant would be instead expected. Matasovic attributes this to either Goidelic influence or a sporadic delabialization.[1]

Descendants

  • Brythonic:
    • Welsh: Hafesp
    • Middle Breton: hanvesk, hanveskenn
      • Breton: hañvesk
  • Goidelic:
    • Old Irish: samaisc
      • Middle Irish: samaisc

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*samo-siskʷī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 321
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