Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sindos
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *só (“that”) + -m (compare *sih₂m̥, accusative of *síh₂) + *de ~ *do (demonstrative particle).[1][2]
Determiner
*sindos
Declension
| Irregular | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sindos | *sindou | *sindoi |
| vocative | *sinde | *sindou | *sindūs |
| accusative | *sindom | *sindou | *sindons |
| genitive | *sindī | *sindous | *sindoisom |
| dative | *sindūi | *sindobom | *sindobos |
| instrumental | *sindū | *sindobim | *sindobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sindā | *sindai | *sindās |
| vocative | *sindā | *sindai | *sindās |
| accusative | *sindam | *sindai | *sindans |
| genitive | *sindās | *sindous | *sindoisom |
| dative | *sindai | *sindābom | *sindābos |
| instrumental | *? | *sindābim | *sindābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sosim, sinde | *sindou | *sindā |
| vocative | *sosim, sinde | *sindou | *sindā |
| accusative | *sosim, sinde | *sindou | *sindā |
| genitive | *sindī | *sindous | *sindoisom |
| dative | *sindūi | *sindobom | *sindobos |
| instrumental | *sindū | *sindobim | *sindobis |
Usage notes
While Proto-Celtic did not have articles, reflexes of *sindos came to be used as a definite article (“the”) in descendants, perhaps due to influence from Vulgar Latin (or simply a parallel process as was happening throughout Indo-European). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Descendants
References
- ^ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “sin”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language[1], Stirling, →ISBN
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “sindo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 336–37