Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sistati
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti.
Verb
*sistati
Inflection
The a-coloured thematic present is due to Schumacher, who prefers it over an athematic conjugation to account for the verb failing to form an A I verb in Old Irish.[1] The verb was reformed to *sisteti in Insular Celtic.
| Thematic present with a-colouring, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *sistū | *sistamam | ? | *sestū |
| 2nd singular | *sistasi | *sistatās | ? | *sestūs |
| 3rd singular | *sistati | *sistato | ? | *sestū |
| 1st plural | *sistomosi | *sistamo | ? | *sestamo |
| 2nd plural | *sistatesi | *sistastē | ? | *sestate |
| 3rd plural | *sistonti | *sistanto | ? | *sestars |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | ? | *sista | |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | *sistatou | |
| 1st plural | ? | ? | *sistomos | |
| 2nd plural | ? | ? | *sistate | |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | *sistontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *sistūr | — | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *sistatar | — | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *sistator | ? | ? | — |
| 1st plural | *sistommor | — | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *sistadwe | — | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *sistontor | ? | ? | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 1st plural | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | ? | — | — | |
| Declension of the present participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sistonts | *sistonte | *sistontes |
| vocative | *sistonts | *sistonte | *sistontes |
| accusative | *sistontam | *sistonte | *sistontans |
| genitive | *sistantos | *? | *sistantom |
| dative | *sistantei | *sistantbom | *sistantbos |
| instrumental | *sistantī? | *sistantbim | *sistantbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sistantī | *sistantī | *sistantiyās |
| vocative | *sistantī | *sistantī | *sistantiyās |
| accusative | *sistantīm | *sistantī | *sistantiyans |
| genitive | *sistantyās | *? | *sistantyom |
| dative | *sistantyāi | *sistantyābom | *sistantyābos |
| instrumental | *? | *sistantyābim | *sistantyābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sistont | *? | *sistonta |
| vocative | *sistont | *? | *sistonta |
| accusative | *sistont | *? | *sistonta |
| genitive | *sistantos | *? | *sistantom |
| dative | *sistantei | *? | *sistantbos |
| instrumental | *sistantī? | *? | *sistantbis |
| Declension of the middle participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sistomnos | *sistomnou | *sistomnoi |
| vocative | *sistomne | *sistomnou | *sistomnoi |
| accusative | *sistomnom | *sistomnou | *sistomnons |
| genitive | *sistomnī | *sistomnous | *sistomnom |
| dative | *sistomnūi | *sistomnobom | *sistomnobos |
| instrumental | *sistomnū | *sistomnobim | *sistomnobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sistomnā | *sistomnai | *sistomnās |
| vocative | *sistomnā | *sistomnai | *sistomnās |
| accusative | *sistomnam | *sistomnai | *sistomnans |
| genitive | *sistomnās | *sistomnous | *sistomnom |
| dative | *sistomnai | *sistomnābom | *sistomnābos |
| instrumental | *? | *sistomnābim | *sistomnābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sistomnom | *sistomnou | *sistomnā |
| vocative | *sistomnom | *sistomnou | *sistomnā |
| accusative | *sistomnom | *sistomnou | *sistomnā |
| genitive | *sistomnī | *sistomnous | *sistomnom |
| dative | *sistomnūi | *sistomnobom | *sistomnobos |
| instrumental | *sistomnū | *sistomnobim | *sistomnobis |
Derived terms
- *ɸare-sistati
- Old Irish: ar·sissedar
- ⇒ *to-ɸare-sistati
- Old Irish: do·airissedar
- *uɸo-sistati
- Old Irish: fo·sisedar
- *sistamus
Descendants
References
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 572