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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *skey-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skītaną (“to defecate”).
Verb
*skeyeti[1]
- to vomit
Inflection
| Thematic present
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*skeyū
|
*skeyemam
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*skeyesi
|
*skeyetās
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*skeyeti
|
*skeyeto
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*skeyomosi
|
*skeyemo
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*skeyetesi
|
*skeyestē
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*skeyonti
|
*skeyento
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*skeye
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*skeyetou
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
?
|
*skeyomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*skeyete
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*skeyontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*skeyūr
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*skeyetar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*skeyetor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*skeyommor
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*skeyedwe
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*skeyontor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*skeyonts
|
*skeyonte
|
*skeyontes
|
| vocative
|
*skeyonts
|
*skeyonte
|
*skeyontes
|
| accusative
|
*skeyontam
|
*skeyonte
|
*skeyontans
|
| genitive
|
*skeyantos
|
*?
|
*skeyantom
|
| dative
|
*skeyantei
|
*skeyantbom
|
*skeyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*skeyantī?
|
*skeyantbim
|
*skeyantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*skeyantī
|
*skeyantī
|
*skeyantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*skeyantī
|
*skeyantī
|
*skeyantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*skeyantīm
|
*skeyantī
|
*skeyantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*skeyantyās
|
*?
|
*skeyantyom
|
| dative
|
*skeyantyāi
|
*skeyantyābom
|
*skeyantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*skeyantyābim
|
*skeyantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*skeyont
|
*?
|
*skeyonta
|
| vocative
|
*skeyont
|
*?
|
*skeyonta
|
| accusative
|
*skeyont
|
*?
|
*skeyonta
|
| genitive
|
*skeyantos
|
*?
|
*skeyantom
|
| dative
|
*skeyantei
|
*?
|
*skeyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*skeyantī?
|
*?
|
*skeyantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*skeyomnos
|
*skeyomnou
|
*skeyomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*skeyomne
|
*skeyomnou
|
*skeyomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*skeyomnom
|
*skeyomnou
|
*skeyomnons
|
| genitive
|
*skeyomnī
|
*skeyomnous
|
*skeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*skeyomnūi
|
*skeyomnobom
|
*skeyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*skeyomnū
|
*skeyomnobim
|
*skeyomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*skeyomnā
|
*skeyomnai
|
*skeyomnās
|
| vocative
|
*skeyomnā
|
*skeyomnai
|
*skeyomnās
|
| accusative
|
*skeyomnam
|
*skeyomnai
|
*skeyomnans
|
| genitive
|
*skeyomnās
|
*skeyomnous
|
*skeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*skeyomnai
|
*skeyomnābom
|
*skeyomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*skeyomnābim
|
*skeyomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*skeyomnom
|
*skeyomnou
|
*skeyomnā
|
| vocative
|
*skeyomnom
|
*skeyomnou
|
*skeyomnā
|
| accusative
|
*skeyomnom
|
*skeyomnou
|
*skeyomnā
|
| genitive
|
*skeyomnī
|
*skeyomnous
|
*skeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*skeyomnūi
|
*skeyomnobom
|
*skeyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*skeyomnū
|
*skeyomnobim
|
*skeyomnobis
|
- *ski-tV- (verbal noun)
- Proto-Brythonic: *hwɨd
- Middle Breton: huedaff
- Cornish: hweja, hwyja
- Middle Welsh: chwyt
- *ski-tā (verbal noun)
Descendants
- Old Irish: sceïd
- Irish: sceith
- Scottish Gaelic: sgeith
- Manx: skeeah
- → Old Norse: skjaðak
- >? Norwegian Nynorsk: skjæraks
- Swedish: skäde
References
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 578-579