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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to swim”).[1]
Verb
*snāti
- to swim
Inflection
| Ā-present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*snāmi
|
*snāmam
|
?
|
*sesnū
|
| 2nd singular
|
*snāsi
|
*snātās
|
?
|
*sesnūs
|
| 3rd singular
|
*snāti
|
*snāto
|
?
|
*sesnū
|
| 1st plural
|
*snāmosi
|
*snāmo
|
?
|
*sesnamo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*snātesi
|
*snāstē
|
?
|
*sesnate
|
| 3rd plural
|
*snānti
|
*snānto
|
?
|
*sesnars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*snā
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*snātou
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
?
|
*snāmos
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*snāte
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*snāntou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*snār
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*snātar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*snātor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*snāmmor
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*snādwe
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*snāntor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*snants
|
*snante
|
*snantes
|
| vocative
|
*snants
|
*snante
|
*snantes
|
| accusative
|
*snantam
|
*snante
|
*snantans
|
| genitive
|
*snantos
|
*?
|
*snantom
|
| dative
|
*snantei
|
*snantbom
|
*snantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*snantī?
|
*snantbim
|
*snantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*snantī
|
*snantī
|
*snantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*snantī
|
*snantī
|
*snantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*snantīm
|
*snantī
|
*snantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*snantyās
|
*?
|
*snantyom
|
| dative
|
*snantyāi
|
*snantyābom
|
*snantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*snantyābim
|
*snantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*snant
|
*?
|
*snanta
|
| vocative
|
*snant
|
*?
|
*snanta
|
| accusative
|
*snant
|
*?
|
*snanta
|
| genitive
|
*snantos
|
*?
|
*snantom
|
| dative
|
*snantei
|
*?
|
*snantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*snantī?
|
*?
|
*snantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*snamnos
|
*snamnou
|
*snamnoi
|
| vocative
|
*snamne
|
*snamnou
|
*snamnoi
|
| accusative
|
*snamnom
|
*snamnou
|
*snamnons
|
| genitive
|
*snamnī
|
*snamnous
|
*snamnom
|
| dative
|
*snamnūi
|
*snamnobom
|
*snamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*snamnū
|
*snamnobim
|
*snamnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*snamnā
|
*snamnai
|
*snamnās
|
| vocative
|
*snamnā
|
*snamnai
|
*snamnās
|
| accusative
|
*snamnam
|
*snamnai
|
*snamnans
|
| genitive
|
*snamnās
|
*snamnous
|
*snamnom
|
| dative
|
*snamnai
|
*snamnābom
|
*snamnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*snamnābim
|
*snamnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*snamnom
|
*snamnou
|
*snamnā
|
| vocative
|
*snamnom
|
*snamnou
|
*snamnā
|
| accusative
|
*snamnom
|
*snamnou
|
*snamnā
|
| genitive
|
*snamnī
|
*snamnous
|
*snamnom
|
| dative
|
*snamnūi
|
*snamnobom
|
*snamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*snamnū
|
*snamnobim
|
*snamnobis
|
Descendants
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*snā-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 348