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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *sneh₂/₃dʰ (“to hew”). Cognate with Old High German snatta (“scar”). Alternatively, the root may be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *sneHd- and related to Old Norse snata (“spear”), Old High German snazo (“pike”), Russian снасть (snastʹ, “tackle, rope”).[1]
Verb
*snadeti
- to cut, to carve
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*snadū
|
*snademam
|
*sisnātsū
|
*sesnāda
|
| 2nd singular
|
*snadesi
|
*snadetās
|
*sisnātsesi
|
*sesnādas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*snadeti
|
*snadeto
|
*sisnātseti
|
*sesnāde
|
| 1st plural
|
*snadomosi
|
*snademo
|
*sisnātsomosi
|
*sesnādmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*snadetesi
|
*snadestē
|
*sisnātsetesi
|
*sesnāsse
|
| 3rd plural
|
*snadonti
|
*snadento
|
*sisnātsonti
|
*sesnādars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*snātsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*snātsesi
|
?
|
*snade
|
| 3rd singular
|
*snātseti
|
?
|
*snadetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*snātsomosi
|
?
|
*snadomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*snātsetesi
|
?
|
*snadete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*snātsonti
|
?
|
*snadontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*snadūr
|
—
|
*sisnātsūr
|
*sesnādra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*snadetar
|
—
|
*sisnātsetar
|
*sesnādras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*snadetor
|
?
|
*sisnātsetor
|
*sesnādre
|
| 1st plural
|
*snadommor
|
—
|
*sisnātsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*snadedwe
|
—
|
*sisnātsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*snadontor
|
?
|
*sisnātsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*snātsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*snātsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*snātsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*snātsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*snātsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*snātsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*snadonts
|
*snadonte
|
*snadontes
|
| vocative
|
*snadonts
|
*snadonte
|
*snadontes
|
| accusative
|
*snadontam
|
*snadonte
|
*snadontans
|
| genitive
|
*snadantos
|
*?
|
*snadantom
|
| dative
|
*snadantei
|
*snadantbom
|
*snadantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*snadantī?
|
*snadantbim
|
*snadantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*snadantī
|
*snadantī
|
*snadantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*snadantī
|
*snadantī
|
*snadantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*snadantīm
|
*snadantī
|
*snadantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*snadantyās
|
*?
|
*snadantyom
|
| dative
|
*snadantyāi
|
*snadantyābom
|
*snadantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*snadantyābim
|
*snadantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*snadont
|
*?
|
*snadonta
|
| vocative
|
*snadont
|
*?
|
*snadonta
|
| accusative
|
*snadont
|
*?
|
*snadonta
|
| genitive
|
*snadantos
|
*?
|
*snadantom
|
| dative
|
*snadantei
|
*?
|
*snadantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*snadantī?
|
*?
|
*snadantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*snadomnos
|
*snadomnou
|
*snadomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*snadomne
|
*snadomnou
|
*snadomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*snadomnom
|
*snadomnou
|
*snadomnons
|
| genitive
|
*snadomnī
|
*snadomnous
|
*snadomnom
|
| dative
|
*snadomnūi
|
*snadomnobom
|
*snadomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*snadomnū
|
*snadomnobim
|
*snadomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*snadomnā
|
*snadomnai
|
*snadomnās
|
| vocative
|
*snadomnā
|
*snadomnai
|
*snadomnās
|
| accusative
|
*snadomnam
|
*snadomnai
|
*snadomnans
|
| genitive
|
*snadomnās
|
*snadomnous
|
*snadomnom
|
| dative
|
*snadomnai
|
*snadomnābom
|
*snadomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*snadomnābim
|
*snadomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*snadomnom
|
*snadomnou
|
*snadomnā
|
| vocative
|
*snadomnom
|
*snadomnou
|
*snadomnā
|
| accusative
|
*snadomnom
|
*snadomnou
|
*snadomnā
|
| genitive
|
*snadomnī
|
*snadomnous
|
*snadomnom
|
| dative
|
*snadomnūi
|
*snadomnobom
|
*snadomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*snadomnū
|
*snadomnobim
|
*snadomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*snassos
|
*snassou
|
*snassoi
|
| vocative
|
*snasse
|
*snassou
|
*snassoi
|
| accusative
|
*snassom
|
*snassou
|
*snassons
|
| genitive
|
*snassī
|
*snassous
|
*snassom
|
| dative
|
*snassūi
|
*snassobom
|
*snassobos
|
| instrumental
|
*snassū
|
*snassobim
|
*snassobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*snassā
|
*snassai
|
*snassās
|
| vocative
|
*snassā
|
*snassai
|
*snassās
|
| accusative
|
*snassam
|
*snassai
|
*snassans
|
| genitive
|
*snassās
|
*snassous
|
*snassom
|
| dative
|
*snassai
|
*snassābom
|
*snassābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*snassābim
|
*snassābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*snassom
|
*snassou
|
*snassā
|
| vocative
|
*snassom
|
*snassou
|
*snassā
|
| accusative
|
*snassom
|
*snassou
|
*snassā
|
| genitive
|
*snassī
|
*snassous
|
*snassom
|
| dative
|
*snassūi
|
*snassobom
|
*snassobos
|
| instrumental
|
*snassū
|
*snassobim
|
*snassobis
|
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *nėðɨd
- Middle Irish: snaidid
- Irish: snoigh
- Scottish Gaelic: snaidh
- ⇒ Old Irish: in·snaid (“to insert”)
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*snad-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 348