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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *sewh₁-. Cognate to Sanskrit सुवति (suvati).[1]
Verb
*suweti
- to turn
Inflection
The verb has since lost strong inflection in the daughter languages.
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*suwū
|
*suwemam
|
*sisūsū
|
*sesowa
|
| 2nd singular
|
*suwesi
|
*suwetās
|
*sisūsesi
|
*sesowas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*suweti
|
*suweto
|
*sisūseti
|
*sesowe
|
| 1st plural
|
*suwomosi
|
*suwemo
|
*sisūsomosi
|
*sesowmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*suwetesi
|
*suwestē
|
*sisūsetesi
|
*sesowe
|
| 3rd plural
|
*suwonti
|
*suwento
|
*sisūsonti
|
*sesowars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*sowasū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*sowasesi
|
?
|
*suwe
|
| 3rd singular
|
*sowaseti
|
?
|
*suwetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*sowasomosi
|
?
|
*suwomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*sowasetesi
|
?
|
*suwete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*sowasonti
|
?
|
*suwontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*suwūr
|
—
|
*sisūsūr
|
*sesowra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*suwetar
|
—
|
*sisūsetar
|
*sesowras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*suwetor
|
?
|
*sisūsetor
|
*sesowre
|
| 1st plural
|
*suwommor
|
—
|
*sisūsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*suwedwe
|
—
|
*sisūsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*suwontor
|
?
|
*sisūsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*sowasūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*sowasetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*sowasetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*sowasommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*sowasedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*sowasontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*suwonts
|
*suwonte
|
*suwontes
|
| vocative
|
*suwonts
|
*suwonte
|
*suwontes
|
| accusative
|
*suwontam
|
*suwonte
|
*suwontans
|
| genitive
|
*suwantos
|
*?
|
*suwantom
|
| dative
|
*suwantei
|
*suwantbom
|
*suwantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*suwantī?
|
*suwantbim
|
*suwantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*suwantī
|
*suwantī
|
*suwantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*suwantī
|
*suwantī
|
*suwantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*suwantīm
|
*suwantī
|
*suwantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*suwantyās
|
*?
|
*suwantyom
|
| dative
|
*suwantyāi
|
*suwantyābom
|
*suwantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*suwantyābim
|
*suwantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*suwont
|
*?
|
*suwonta
|
| vocative
|
*suwont
|
*?
|
*suwonta
|
| accusative
|
*suwont
|
*?
|
*suwonta
|
| genitive
|
*suwantos
|
*?
|
*suwantom
|
| dative
|
*suwantei
|
*?
|
*suwantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*suwantī?
|
*?
|
*suwantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*suwomnos
|
*suwomnou
|
*suwomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*suwomne
|
*suwomnou
|
*suwomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*suwomnom
|
*suwomnou
|
*suwomnons
|
| genitive
|
*suwomnī
|
*suwomnous
|
*suwomnom
|
| dative
|
*suwomnūi
|
*suwomnobom
|
*suwomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*suwomnū
|
*suwomnobim
|
*suwomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*suwomnā
|
*suwomnai
|
*suwomnās
|
| vocative
|
*suwomnā
|
*suwomnai
|
*suwomnās
|
| accusative
|
*suwomnam
|
*suwomnai
|
*suwomnans
|
| genitive
|
*suwomnās
|
*suwomnous
|
*suwomnom
|
| dative
|
*suwomnai
|
*suwomnābom
|
*suwomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*suwomnābim
|
*suwomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*suwomnom
|
*suwomnou
|
*suwomnā
|
| vocative
|
*suwomnom
|
*suwomnou
|
*suwomnā
|
| accusative
|
*suwomnom
|
*suwomnou
|
*suwomnā
|
| genitive
|
*suwomnī
|
*suwomnous
|
*suwomnom
|
| dative
|
*suwomnūi
|
*suwomnobom
|
*suwomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*suwomnū
|
*suwomnobim
|
*suwomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sūtos
|
*sūtou
|
*sūtoi
|
| vocative
|
*sūte
|
*sūtou
|
*sūtoi
|
| accusative
|
*sūtom
|
*sūtou
|
*sūtons
|
| genitive
|
*sūtī
|
*sūtous
|
*sūtom
|
| dative
|
*sūtūi
|
*sūtobom
|
*sūtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*sūtū
|
*sūtobim
|
*sūtobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sūtā
|
*sūtai
|
*sūtās
|
| vocative
|
*sūtā
|
*sūtai
|
*sūtās
|
| accusative
|
*sūtam
|
*sūtai
|
*sūtans
|
| genitive
|
*sūtās
|
*sūtous
|
*sūtom
|
| dative
|
*sūtai
|
*sūtābom
|
*sūtābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*sūtābim
|
*sūtābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sūtom
|
*sūtou
|
*sūtā
|
| vocative
|
*sūtom
|
*sūtou
|
*sūtā
|
| accusative
|
*sūtom
|
*sūtou
|
*sūtā
|
| genitive
|
*sūtī
|
*sūtous
|
*sūtom
|
| dative
|
*sūtūi
|
*sūtobom
|
*sūtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*sūtū
|
*sūtobim
|
*sūtobis
|
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*suw-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 360