Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/telmis

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From earlier *telksmis, from Proto-Indo-European *telksmis, from *telk- (“to thrust, strike”) +‎ *sem- (“together, one”)[1]. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *telťi (“to pound”), Lithuanian ti̇̀lkti (“to be tame”).

Noun

*telmis f

  1. sling, snare

Declension

Masculine/feminine i-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *telmis *telmī *telmīs
vocative *telmi *telmī *telmīs
accusative *telmim *telmī *telmins
genitive *telmeis *telmyow *telmyom
dative *telmei *telmibom *telmibos
locative *telmei *? *?
instrumental *telmī *telmibim *telmibis

Reconstruction notes

All descendants have rather odd vowel developments.

  • In Irish and Breton, an -a- irregularly appears as the vowel.
    • In Irish, this could have occurred by analogy with some other word(s) with alternating a + palatalization vs. e without palatalization.
    • This cannot explain the Breton vocalism, however.
  • In Welsh, we would expect **tylm instead of telm since *e is regularly finally i-affected even by short *i.

Descendants

  • Brythonic:
    • Old Breton: talmorion
      • Middle Breton: talm
        • Breton: talm
    • Middle Welsh: telm
  • Middle Irish: teilm
    • Irish: tailm

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “telmi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 377
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