|
|
This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to sting”).[1][2]
Verb
*tigeti
- to bewitch
- to mark
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*tigū
|
*tigemam
|
*titixsū
|
*titoiga
|
| 2nd singular
|
*tigesi
|
*tigetās
|
*titixsesi
|
*titoigas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*tigeti
|
*tigeto
|
*titixseti
|
*titoige
|
| 1st plural
|
*tigomosi
|
*tigemo
|
*titixsomosi
|
*titoigmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*tigetesi
|
*tigestē
|
*titixsetesi
|
*titoixte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*tigonti
|
*tigento
|
*titixsonti
|
*titoigars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*teixsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*teixsesi
|
?
|
*tige
|
| 3rd singular
|
*teixseti
|
?
|
*tigetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*teixsomosi
|
?
|
*tigomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*teixsetesi
|
?
|
*tigete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*teixsonti
|
?
|
*tigontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*tigūr
|
—
|
*titixsūr
|
*titoigra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*tigetar
|
—
|
*titixsetar
|
*titoigras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*tigetor
|
?
|
*titixsetor
|
*titoigre
|
| 1st plural
|
*tigommor
|
—
|
*titixsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*tigedwe
|
—
|
*titixsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*tigontor
|
?
|
*titixsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*teixsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*teixsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*teixsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*teixsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*teixsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*teixsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tigonts
|
*tigonte
|
*tigontes
|
| vocative
|
*tigonts
|
*tigonte
|
*tigontes
|
| accusative
|
*tigontam
|
*tigonte
|
*tigontans
|
| genitive
|
*tigantos
|
*?
|
*tigantom
|
| dative
|
*tigantei
|
*tigantbom
|
*tigantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*tigantī?
|
*tigantbim
|
*tigantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tigantī
|
*tigantī
|
*tigantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*tigantī
|
*tigantī
|
*tigantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*tigantīm
|
*tigantī
|
*tigantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*tigantyās
|
*?
|
*tigantyom
|
| dative
|
*tigantyāi
|
*tigantyābom
|
*tigantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*tigantyābim
|
*tigantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tigont
|
*?
|
*tigonta
|
| vocative
|
*tigont
|
*?
|
*tigonta
|
| accusative
|
*tigont
|
*?
|
*tigonta
|
| genitive
|
*tigantos
|
*?
|
*tigantom
|
| dative
|
*tigantei
|
*?
|
*tigantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*tigantī?
|
*?
|
*tigantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tigomnos
|
*tigomnou
|
*tigomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*tigomne
|
*tigomnou
|
*tigomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*tigomnom
|
*tigomnou
|
*tigomnons
|
| genitive
|
*tigomnī
|
*tigomnous
|
*tigomnom
|
| dative
|
*tigomnūi
|
*tigomnobom
|
*tigomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*tigomnū
|
*tigomnobim
|
*tigomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tigomnā
|
*tigomnai
|
*tigomnās
|
| vocative
|
*tigomnā
|
*tigomnai
|
*tigomnās
|
| accusative
|
*tigomnam
|
*tigomnai
|
*tigomnans
|
| genitive
|
*tigomnās
|
*tigomnous
|
*tigomnom
|
| dative
|
*tigomnai
|
*tigomnābom
|
*tigomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*tigomnābim
|
*tigomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tigomnom
|
*tigomnou
|
*tigomnā
|
| vocative
|
*tigomnom
|
*tigomnou
|
*tigomnā
|
| accusative
|
*tigomnom
|
*tigomnou
|
*tigomnā
|
| genitive
|
*tigomnī
|
*tigomnous
|
*tigomnom
|
| dative
|
*tigomnūi
|
*tigomnobom
|
*tigomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*tigomnū
|
*tigomnobim
|
*tigomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tixtos
|
*tixtou
|
*tixtoi
|
| vocative
|
*tixte
|
*tixtou
|
*tixtoi
|
| accusative
|
*tixtom
|
*tixtou
|
*tixtons
|
| genitive
|
*tixtī
|
*tixtous
|
*tixtom
|
| dative
|
*tixtūi
|
*tixtobom
|
*tixtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*tixtū
|
*tixtobim
|
*tixtobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tixtā
|
*tixtai
|
*tixtās
|
| vocative
|
*tixtā
|
*tixtai
|
*tixtās
|
| accusative
|
*tixtam
|
*tixtai
|
*tixtans
|
| genitive
|
*tixtās
|
*tixtous
|
*tixtom
|
| dative
|
*tixtai
|
*tixtābom
|
*tixtābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*tixtābim
|
*tixtābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tixtom
|
*tixtou
|
*tixtā
|
| vocative
|
*tixtom
|
*tixtou
|
*tixtā
|
| accusative
|
*tixtom
|
*tixtou
|
*tixtā
|
| genitive
|
*tixtī
|
*tixtous
|
*tixtom
|
| dative
|
*tixtūi
|
*tixtobom
|
*tixtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*tixtū
|
*tixtobim
|
*tixtobis
|
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *tɨɣɨd
- Old Breton: tigom (verbal noun)
- Gaulish: tixsintor (3pl. fut. pass.), tigontias (pres. part. gen. sg. f.) (both forms in the Larzac lead tablet)
References
- ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, pages 236, 296
- ^ Fleuriot, Léon, Evans, Claude (1985) “tigom”, in A Dictionary of Old Breton – Dictionnaire du vieux breton: Historical and Comparative (in French), Toronto: Prepcorp, page 313