|
|
This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *stog-éye-ti, an o-grade iterative formed to the root *(s)teg- (“to cover”).[1]
Verb
*togīti[1][2]
- to cover
- to roof, thatch
Inflection
| Ī-present
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*togeyū
|
*togīmam
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*togīsi
|
*togītās
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*togīti
|
*togīto
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*togeyomosi
|
*togīmo
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*togītesi
|
*togīstē
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*togeyonti
|
*togīnto
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*togī
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*togītou
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
?
|
*togeyomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*togīte
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*togeyontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*togeyūr
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*togītar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*togītor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*togeyommor
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*togīdwe
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*togeyontor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*togeyonts
|
*togeyonte
|
*togeyontes
|
| vocative
|
*togeyonts
|
*togeyonte
|
*togeyontes
|
| accusative
|
*togeyontam
|
*togeyonte
|
*togeyontans
|
| genitive
|
*togeyantos
|
*?
|
*togeyantom
|
| dative
|
*togeyantei
|
*togeyantbom
|
*togeyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*togeyantī?
|
*togeyantbim
|
*togeyantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*togeyantī
|
*togeyantī
|
*togeyantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*togeyantī
|
*togeyantī
|
*togeyantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*togeyantīm
|
*togeyantī
|
*togeyantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*togeyantyās
|
*?
|
*togeyantyom
|
| dative
|
*togeyantyāi
|
*togeyantyābom
|
*togeyantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*togeyantyābim
|
*togeyantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*togeyont
|
*?
|
*togeyonta
|
| vocative
|
*togeyont
|
*?
|
*togeyonta
|
| accusative
|
*togeyont
|
*?
|
*togeyonta
|
| genitive
|
*togeyantos
|
*?
|
*togeyantom
|
| dative
|
*togeyantei
|
*?
|
*togeyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*togeyantī?
|
*?
|
*togeyantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*togeyomnos
|
*togeyomnou
|
*togeyomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*togeyomne
|
*togeyomnou
|
*togeyomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*togeyomnom
|
*togeyomnou
|
*togeyomnons
|
| genitive
|
*togeyomnī
|
*togeyomnous
|
*togeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*togeyomnūi
|
*togeyomnobom
|
*togeyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*togeyomnū
|
*togeyomnobim
|
*togeyomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*togeyomnā
|
*togeyomnai
|
*togeyomnās
|
| vocative
|
*togeyomnā
|
*togeyomnai
|
*togeyomnās
|
| accusative
|
*togeyomnam
|
*togeyomnai
|
*togeyomnans
|
| genitive
|
*togeyomnās
|
*togeyomnous
|
*togeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*togeyomnai
|
*togeyomnābom
|
*togeyomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*togeyomnābim
|
*togeyomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*togeyomnom
|
*togeyomnou
|
*togeyomnā
|
| vocative
|
*togeyomnom
|
*togeyomnou
|
*togeyomnā
|
| accusative
|
*togeyomnom
|
*togeyomnou
|
*togeyomnā
|
| genitive
|
*togeyomnī
|
*togeyomnous
|
*togeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*togeyomnūi
|
*togeyomnobom
|
*togeyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*togeyomnū
|
*togeyomnobim
|
*togeyomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*togetos
|
*togetou
|
*togetoi
|
| vocative
|
*togete
|
*togetou
|
*togetoi
|
| accusative
|
*togetom
|
*togetou
|
*togetons
|
| genitive
|
*togetī
|
*togetous
|
*togetom
|
| dative
|
*togetūi
|
*togetobom
|
*togetobos
|
| instrumental
|
*togetū
|
*togetobim
|
*togetobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*togetā
|
*togetai
|
*togetās
|
| vocative
|
*togetā
|
*togetai
|
*togetās
|
| accusative
|
*togetam
|
*togetai
|
*togetans
|
| genitive
|
*togetās
|
*togetous
|
*togetom
|
| dative
|
*togetai
|
*togetābom
|
*togetābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*togetābim
|
*togetābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*togetom
|
*togetou
|
*togetā
|
| vocative
|
*togetom
|
*togetou
|
*togetā
|
| accusative
|
*togetom
|
*togetou
|
*togetā
|
| genitive
|
*togetī
|
*togetous
|
*togetom
|
| dative
|
*togetūi
|
*togetobom
|
*togetobos
|
| instrumental
|
*togetū
|
*togetobim
|
*togetobis
|
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *töɣid
- Breton: (normalized) teiñ, (early) tei
- Middle Cornish: ty
- Middle Welsh: toi
- Old Irish: tuigithir, ⇒ in·tuigethar, imm·tuigethar
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Le Mair, Esther (30 September 2011) Secondary Verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish Glosses, Galway: National University of Ireland, page 254
- ^ Jørgensen, Anders Richardt (2008) “Middle Breton leiff, Middle Cornish ly ‘Breakfast, Lunch’”, in Keltische Forschungen, volume 3, Vienna: Praesens Verlag, pages 89-102