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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)telH- (“to be silent, still”);[1] more specifically, an o-grade causative/iterative formation[2] also seen in Proto-Slavic *toliti (“to calm, soothe”).
Verb
*tolīti[2]
- to sleep
Inflection
| Ī-present
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*toleyū
|
*tolīmam
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*tolīsi
|
*tolītās
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*tolīti
|
*tolīto
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*toleyomosi
|
*tolīmo
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*tolītesi
|
*tolīstē
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*toleyonti
|
*tolīnto
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*tolī
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*tolītou
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
?
|
*toleyomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*tolīte
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*toleyontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*toleyūr
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*tolītar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*tolītor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*toleyommor
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*tolīdwe
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*toleyontor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*toleyonts
|
*toleyonte
|
*toleyontes
|
| vocative
|
*toleyonts
|
*toleyonte
|
*toleyontes
|
| accusative
|
*toleyontam
|
*toleyonte
|
*toleyontans
|
| genitive
|
*toleyantos
|
*?
|
*toleyantom
|
| dative
|
*toleyantei
|
*toleyantbom
|
*toleyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*toleyantī?
|
*toleyantbim
|
*toleyantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*toleyantī
|
*toleyantī
|
*toleyantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*toleyantī
|
*toleyantī
|
*toleyantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*toleyantīm
|
*toleyantī
|
*toleyantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*toleyantyās
|
*?
|
*toleyantyom
|
| dative
|
*toleyantyāi
|
*toleyantyābom
|
*toleyantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*toleyantyābim
|
*toleyantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*toleyont
|
*?
|
*toleyonta
|
| vocative
|
*toleyont
|
*?
|
*toleyonta
|
| accusative
|
*toleyont
|
*?
|
*toleyonta
|
| genitive
|
*toleyantos
|
*?
|
*toleyantom
|
| dative
|
*toleyantei
|
*?
|
*toleyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*toleyantī?
|
*?
|
*toleyantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*toleyomnos
|
*toleyomnou
|
*toleyomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*toleyomne
|
*toleyomnou
|
*toleyomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*toleyomnom
|
*toleyomnou
|
*toleyomnons
|
| genitive
|
*toleyomnī
|
*toleyomnous
|
*toleyomnom
|
| dative
|
*toleyomnūi
|
*toleyomnobom
|
*toleyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*toleyomnū
|
*toleyomnobim
|
*toleyomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*toleyomnā
|
*toleyomnai
|
*toleyomnās
|
| vocative
|
*toleyomnā
|
*toleyomnai
|
*toleyomnās
|
| accusative
|
*toleyomnam
|
*toleyomnai
|
*toleyomnans
|
| genitive
|
*toleyomnās
|
*toleyomnous
|
*toleyomnom
|
| dative
|
*toleyomnai
|
*toleyomnābom
|
*toleyomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*toleyomnābim
|
*toleyomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*toleyomnom
|
*toleyomnou
|
*toleyomnā
|
| vocative
|
*toleyomnom
|
*toleyomnou
|
*toleyomnā
|
| accusative
|
*toleyomnom
|
*toleyomnou
|
*toleyomnā
|
| genitive
|
*toleyomnī
|
*toleyomnous
|
*toleyomnom
|
| dative
|
*toleyomnūi
|
*toleyomnobom
|
*toleyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*toleyomnū
|
*toleyomnobim
|
*toleyomnobis
|
Reconstruction
- Matasović's *tolīyeti is erroneous.
Descendants
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Le Mair, Esther (30 September 2011) Secondary Verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish Glosses, Galway: National University of Ireland, page 255