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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to make”).
Verb
*wregeti[1]
- to do
- to make
Conjugation
| Thematic present, t-preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*wregū
|
*wregemam
|
*wiwrixsū
|
*wrīgam
|
| 2nd singular
|
*wregesi
|
*wregetās
|
*wiwrixsesi
|
*wrīxs
|
| 3rd singular
|
*wregeti
|
*wregeto
|
*wiwrixseti
|
*wrīxt
|
| 1st plural
|
*wregomosi
|
*wregemo
|
*wiwrixsomosi
|
*wrīgme
|
| 2nd plural
|
*wregetesi
|
*wregestē
|
*wiwrixsetesi
|
*wrīxte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*wregonti
|
*wregento
|
*wiwrixsonti
|
*wrīgant
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*wrexsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*wrexsesi
|
?
|
*wrege
|
| 3rd singular
|
*wrexseti
|
?
|
*wregetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*wrexsomosi
|
?
|
*wregomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*wrexsetesi
|
?
|
*wregete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*wrexsonti
|
?
|
*wregontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*wregūr
|
—
|
*wiwrixsūr
|
?
|
| 2nd singular
|
*wregetar
|
—
|
*wiwrixsetar
|
?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*wregetor
|
?
|
*wiwrixsetor
|
?
|
| 1st plural
|
*wregommor
|
—
|
*wiwrixsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*wregedwe
|
—
|
*wiwrixsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*wregontor
|
?
|
*wiwrixsontor
|
*wrīganto
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*wrexsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*wrexsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*wrexsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*wrexsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*wrexsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*wrexsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wregonts
|
*wregonte
|
*wregontes
|
| vocative
|
*wregonts
|
*wregonte
|
*wregontes
|
| accusative
|
*wregontam
|
*wregonte
|
*wregontans
|
| genitive
|
*wregantos
|
*?
|
*wregantom
|
| dative
|
*wregantei
|
*wregantbom
|
*wregantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*wregantī?
|
*wregantbim
|
*wregantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wregantī
|
*wregantī
|
*wregantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*wregantī
|
*wregantī
|
*wregantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*wregantīm
|
*wregantī
|
*wregantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*wregantyās
|
*?
|
*wregantyom
|
| dative
|
*wregantyāi
|
*wregantyābom
|
*wregantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*wregantyābim
|
*wregantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wregont
|
*?
|
*wregonta
|
| vocative
|
*wregont
|
*?
|
*wregonta
|
| accusative
|
*wregont
|
*?
|
*wregonta
|
| genitive
|
*wregantos
|
*?
|
*wregantom
|
| dative
|
*wregantei
|
*?
|
*wregantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*wregantī?
|
*?
|
*wregantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wregomnos
|
*wregomnou
|
*wregomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*wregomne
|
*wregomnou
|
*wregomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*wregomnom
|
*wregomnou
|
*wregomnons
|
| genitive
|
*wregomnī
|
*wregomnous
|
*wregomnom
|
| dative
|
*wregomnūi
|
*wregomnobom
|
*wregomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wregomnū
|
*wregomnobim
|
*wregomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wregomnā
|
*wregomnai
|
*wregomnās
|
| vocative
|
*wregomnā
|
*wregomnai
|
*wregomnās
|
| accusative
|
*wregomnam
|
*wregomnai
|
*wregomnans
|
| genitive
|
*wregomnās
|
*wregomnous
|
*wregomnom
|
| dative
|
*wregomnai
|
*wregomnābom
|
*wregomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*wregomnābim
|
*wregomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wregomnom
|
*wregomnou
|
*wregomnā
|
| vocative
|
*wregomnom
|
*wregomnou
|
*wregomnā
|
| accusative
|
*wregomnom
|
*wregomnou
|
*wregomnā
|
| genitive
|
*wregomnī
|
*wregomnous
|
*wregomnom
|
| dative
|
*wregomnūi
|
*wregomnobom
|
*wregomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wregomnū
|
*wregomnobim
|
*wregomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wrixtos
|
*wrixtou
|
*wrixtoi
|
| vocative
|
*wrixte
|
*wrixtou
|
*wrixtoi
|
| accusative
|
*wrixtom
|
*wrixtou
|
*wrixtons
|
| genitive
|
*wrixtī
|
*wrixtous
|
*wrixtom
|
| dative
|
*wrixtūi
|
*wrixtobom
|
*wrixtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wrixtū
|
*wrixtobim
|
*wrixtobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wrixtā
|
*wrixtai
|
*wrixtās
|
| vocative
|
*wrixtā
|
*wrixtai
|
*wrixtās
|
| accusative
|
*wrixtam
|
*wrixtai
|
*wrixtans
|
| genitive
|
*wrixtās
|
*wrixtous
|
*wrixtom
|
| dative
|
*wrixtai
|
*wrixtābom
|
*wrixtābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*wrixtābim
|
*wrixtābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wrixtom
|
*wrixtou
|
*wrixtā
|
| vocative
|
*wrixtom
|
*wrixtou
|
*wrixtā
|
| accusative
|
*wrixtom
|
*wrixtou
|
*wrixtā
|
| genitive
|
*wrixtī
|
*wrixtous
|
*wrixtom
|
| dative
|
*wrixtūi
|
*wrixtobom
|
*wrixtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wrixtū
|
*wrixtobim
|
*wrixtobis
|
Descendants
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wreg-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 429