Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hirmu

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Baltic (compare Latvian širmuļi, Lithuanian šiurpus).[1]

Noun

*hirmu[2]

  1. fright, terror, fear

Inflection

Inflection of *hirmu
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *hirmu *hirmut
accusative *hirmun *hirmut
genitive *hirmun *hirmudën
*hirmuidën
partitive *hirmuda *hirmuida
inessive *hirmussa
*hirmuhna 		*hirmuissa
*hirmuihna
elative *hirmusta *hirmuista
illative *hirmuhën *hirmuihën
adessive *hirmulla *hirmuilla
ablative *hirmulta *hirmuilta
allative *hirmulën
*hirmulëk 		*hirmuilën
*hirmuilëk
essive *hirmuna *hirmuina
translative *hirmuksi *hirmuiksi
instructive *hirmun *hirmuin
comitative *hirmunëk *hirmuinëk
abessive *hirmutta *hirmuitta

Descendants

  • Estonian: hirm
  • Finnish: hirmu
    • → Northern Sami: hirbma
  • Ingrian: hirmu
  • Karelian: hirmu
  • Livonian: irm
  • Võro: hirm
  • Votic: (Kattila) irmu

References

  1. ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “hirmu”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 1 January 2024
  2. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*hirmu”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[2] (in Finnish)

Further reading

  • “hirm”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
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