Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ilma

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *ilma. The old religious sense "heaven" was mainly lost (save for the theonym *Ilmari), replaced by the Indo-European loanword *taivas.

Noun

*ilma[1]

  1. air
  2. sky
  3. weather

Inflection

Inflection of *ilma
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *ilma *ilmat
accusative *ilman *ilmat
genitive *ilman *ilmadën
*ilmoidën
partitive *ilmada *ilmoida
inessive *ilmassa
*ilmahna 		*ilmoissa
*ilmoihna
elative *ilmasta *ilmoista
illative *ilmahën *ilmoihën
adessive *ilmalla *ilmoilla
ablative *ilmalta *ilmoilta
allative *ilmalën
*ilmalëk 		*ilmoilën
*ilmoilëk
essive *ilmana *ilmoina
translative *ilmaksi *ilmoiksi
instructive *ilman *ilmoin
comitative *ilmanëk *ilmoinëk
abessive *ilmatta *ilmoitta

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Estonian: ilm
  • Finnish: ilma
  • Ingrian: ilma
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: ilma
    • South Karelian: ilma
  • Livonian: īlma
  • Livvi: ilmu
  • Ludian: ilm
  • Veps: il'm
  • Võro: ilm
  • Votic: ilmõ

References

  1. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*ilma”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[1] (in Finnish)

Further reading

  • “ilm”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
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