Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kaappidak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *skabaną + *-idak.
Verb
*kaappidak (stem *kaappi-)[1]
- to scrape
Inflection
Inflection of *kaappidak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kaap'in | *kaappëjin | — | *kaappigon |
| 2nd sing. | *kaap'it | *kaappëjit | *kaap'ik | *kaappigos |
| 3rd sing. | *kaappibi *kaappi |
*kaappëji | *kaappigasën | *kaappigosën |
| 1st plur. | *kaap'ikmëk *kaap'ikmak |
*kaappëjimëk *kaappëjimak |
*kaappigatëmëk *kaappigatamak |
*kaappigotëmëk *kaappigotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kaap'iktëk *kaap'iktak |
*kaappëjidëk *kaappëjidak |
*kaappigatë *kaappigata |
*kaappigot'ëk *kaappigotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kaappibat *kaappi |
*kaappëji | *kaappigasën | *kaappigosën |
| passive | *kaap'iksën *kaap'it'aksën |
*kaappidisën *kaap'ittisën |
*kaappidakahën *kaap'ittakahën |
*kaappidakohën *kaap'ittakohën |
| connegative | *kaap'ik | — | *kaappigak | *kaappigok |
| passive connegative | *kaap'iktak | — | *kaappidagak *kaap'ittagak |
*kaappidagok *kaap'ittagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kaap'ikcin | *kaappëjicin | *kaappinën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kaap'ikcit | *kaappëjicit | *kaappinët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kaap'ikci | *kaappëjici | *kaappini | |
| 1st plur. | *kaap'ikcimëk *kaap'ikcimak |
*kaappëjicimëk *kaappëjicimak |
*kaappinëmëk *kaappinëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kaap'ikcidëk *kaap'ikcidak |
*kaappëjicidëk *kaappëjicidak |
*kaappinëdëk *kaappinëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kaap'ikci | *kaappëjici | *kaappini | |
| passive | *kaappidakcihën *kaap'it'akcihën |
*kaappidicihën *kaap'itticihën |
*kaappidanëhën *kaap'ittanëhën | |
| connegative | *kaap'ikcik | *kaappëjicik | *kaappinëk | |
| passive connegative | *kaappidakcik *kaap'it'akcik |
*kaappidicik *kaap'itticik |
*kaappidanëk *kaap'ittanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kaappidak | present | *kaappiba | *kaappidapa *kaap'ittapa |
| infinitive 2 | *kaappidë- | past | *kaappinut | *kaappidu *kaap'ittu |
| gerund/supine | *kaappima | |||
| action noun | *kaappiminen | |||
Descendants
From *kaapidak:
- Finnish: kaapia
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: kuapie
- South Karelian: kuabie
- Livvi: kuabie
From *kaabit'ak:
- Finnish: (dialectal) kaavita
- Ingrian: kaavita
- Ludian: kuabita
- Veps: kabita
References
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kaa(p)pi-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][1] (in Finnish)
Further reading
- “kaapima”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kaapia”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN