Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kalbas
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Possibly an early loan from Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)albʰós, relying on the assertion that an initial Indo-European laryngeal could be reflected as a *k- when borrowed into Uralic or Finnic languages, which has been disputed.
Adjective
*kalbas
Inflection
Inflection of *kalbas
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kalbas | *kalbahët | |
| accusative | *kalbahën | *kalbahët | |
| genitive | *kalbahën | *kalbastën *kalbahidën | |
| partitive | *kalbasta | *kalbahita | |
| inessive | *kalbahëssa *kalbahëhna |
*kalbahissa *kalbahihna | |
| elative | *kalbahësta | *kalbahista | |
| illative | *kalbahësën | *kalbahisën | |
| adessive | *kalbahëlla | *kalbahilla | |
| ablative | *kalbahëlta | *kalbahilta | |
| allative | *kalbahëlën *kalbahëlëk |
*kalbahilën *kalbahilëk | |
| essive | *kalbassa | *kalbahina | |
| translative | *kalbahëksi | *kalbahiksi | |
| instructive | *kalbahën | *kalbahin | |
| comitative | *kalbassëk | *kalbahinëk | |
| abessive | *kalbahëtta | *kalbahitta | |
Descendants
From *kalbas:
- Finnish: kalvas
From *kalpëda (+ *-ëda):
- Finnish: kalpea
- Karelian:
- South Karelian: kalbie
- Livvi: kalbei
From *kalbakka (+ *-kka):
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kalpea”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN