Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kallijo
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hallijǭ (whence Old Norse hella).
Noun
*kallijo
- rock (hill or island without vegetation)
- outcrop (part of a rock formation that appears at the surface)
Inflection
Inflection of *kallijo
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kallijo | *kallijot | |
| accusative | *kallijon | *kallijot | |
| genitive | *kallijon | *kallijodën *kallijoidën | |
| partitive | *kallijota | *kallijoita | |
| inessive | *kallijossa *kallijohna |
*kallijoissa *kallijoihna | |
| elative | *kallijosta | *kallijoista | |
| illative | *kallijosën | *kallijoisën | |
| adessive | *kallijolla | *kallijoilla | |
| ablative | *kallijolta | *kallijoilta | |
| allative | *kallijolën *kallijolëk |
*kallijoilën *kallijoilëk | |
| essive | *kallijona | *kallijoina | |
| translative | *kallijoksi | *kallijoiksi | |
| instructive | *kallijon | *kallijoin | |
| comitative | *kallijonëk | *kallijoinëk | |
| abessive | *kallijotta | *kallijoitta | |
Descendants
- Estonian: kalju
- Finnish: kallio
- Ingrian: kallio
- Karelian:
- Livvi: kallivo
- Ludian: kallij, kalliv
- Veps: kal
- Votic: kallo
Further reading
- “kalju”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), “kāllijā”, in Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[1], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland