Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kuccudak

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Uncertain, but related to Proto-Samic *koččōtēk (compare Northern Sami gohččut). Has been proposed to derive from Baltic (compare Lithuanian kviesti), but this suffers from phonological issues.^[1] Earlier ideas of Uralic inheritance (based on supposed Khanty cognates) have been discarded due to phonological issues.^[2]

Verb

*kuccudak (stem *kuccu-)^[3]

to call, to summon
to invite

Inflection

Inflection of *kuccudak

	present	past	imperative	optative
Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
1st sing.	*kuc'un	*kuc'uin	—	*kuccugon
2nd sing.	*kuc'ut	*kuc'uit	*kuc'uk	*kuccugos
3rd sing.	kuccubi kuccu	*kuccui	*kuccugasën	*kuccugosën
1st plur.	kuc'ukmëk kuc'ukmak	kuccuimëk kuccuimak	kuccugatëmëk kuccugatamak	kuccugotëmëk kuccugotamak
2nd plur.	kuc'uktëk kuc'uktak	kuccuidëk kuccuidak	kuccugatë kuccugata	kuccugot'ëk kuccugotadak
3rd plur.	kuccubat kuccu	*kuccui	*kuccugasën	*kuccugosën
passive	kuc'uksën kuc'ut'aksën	kuccudisën kuc'uttisën	kuccudakahën kuc'uttakahën	kuccudakohën kuc'uttakohën
connegative	*kuc'uk	—	*kuccugak	*kuccugok
passive connegative	*kuc'uktak	—	kuccudagak kuc'uttagak	kuccudagok kuc'uttagok
	conditional 1	conditional 2	potential
1st sing.	*kuc'ukcin	*kuccuicin	*kuccunën
2nd sing.	*kuc'ukcit	*kuccuicit	*kuccunët
3rd sing.	*kuc'ukci	*kuccuici	*kuccuni
1st plur.	kuc'ukcimëk kuc'ukcimak	kuccuicimëk kuccuicimak	kuccunëmëk kuccunëmak
2nd plur.	kuc'ukcidëk kuc'ukcidak	kuccuicidëk kuccuicidak	kuccunëdëk kuccunëdak
3rd plur.	*kuc'ukci	*kuccuici	*kuccuni
passive	kuccudakcihën kuc'ut'akcihën	kuccudicihën kuc'utticihën	kuccudanëhën kuc'uttanëhën
connegative	*kuc'ukcik	*kuccuicik	*kuccunëk
passive connegative	kuccudakcik kuc'ut'akcik	kuccudicik kuc'utticik	kuccudanëk kuc'uttanëk
non-finite forms	infinitives/nouns		participles
non-finite forms	infinitives/nouns		active	passive
infinitive 1	*kuccudak	present	*kuccuba	kuccudapa kuc'uttapa
infinitive 2	*kuccudë-	past	*kuccunut	kuccudu kuc'uttu
gerund/supine	*kuccuma
action noun	*kuccuminen

Descendants

Estonian: kutsuma/kutsuda
Finnish: kutsua
Ingrian: kutsua
Karelian: kuččuo
Livonian: kuts
Livvi: kuččuo
Ludian: kuccuda
Veps: kucta
Võro: kutsma/kutsuq
Votic: kuttsua

References

^ Holopainen, Sampsa, Junttila, Santeri (2022) Die alten arischen und baltischen Lehnverben der uralischen Sprachen, Dettelbach: Verlag J.H. Röll GmbH, →ISBN, page 81
^ Aikio, Ante: Studies in Uralic Etymology II: Finnic Etymologies Linguistica Uralica L 2014 1 [1]. pp. 1–2
^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kuccu-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[2] (in Finnish)

[1] Holopainen, Sampsa, Junttila, Santeri (2022) Die alten arischen und baltischen Lehnverben der uralischen Sprachen, Dettelbach: Verlag J.H. Röll GmbH, →ISBN, page 81

[2] Aikio, Ante: Studies in Uralic Etymology II: Finnic Etymologies Linguistica Uralica L 2014 1 [1]. pp. 1–2

[3] Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kuccu-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[2] (in Finnish)

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