Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kukkudak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Of onomatopoeic origin.
Verb
*kukkudak (stem *kukku-)[1]
- to cuckoo (to make the call of a cuckoo)
Inflection
Inflection of *kukkudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kuk'un | *kuk'uin | — | *kukkugon |
| 2nd sing. | *kuk'ut | *kuk'uit | *kuk'uk | *kukkugos |
| 3rd sing. | *kukkubi *kukku |
*kukkui | *kukkugasën | *kukkugosën |
| 1st plur. | *kuk'ukmëk *kuk'ukmak |
*kukkuimëk *kukkuimak |
*kukkugatëmëk *kukkugatamak |
*kukkugotëmëk *kukkugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kuk'uktëk *kuk'uktak |
*kukkuidëk *kukkuidak |
*kukkugatë *kukkugata |
*kukkugot'ëk *kukkugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kukkubat *kukku |
*kukkui | *kukkugasën | *kukkugosën |
| passive | *kuk'uksën *kuk'ut'aksën |
*kukkudisën *kuk'uttisën |
*kukkudakahën *kuk'uttakahën |
*kukkudakohën *kuk'uttakohën |
| connegative | *kuk'uk | — | *kukkugak | *kukkugok |
| passive connegative | *kuk'uktak | — | *kukkudagak *kuk'uttagak |
*kukkudagok *kuk'uttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kuk'ukcin | *kukkuicin | *kukkunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kuk'ukcit | *kukkuicit | *kukkunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kuk'ukci | *kukkuici | *kukkuni | |
| 1st plur. | *kuk'ukcimëk *kuk'ukcimak |
*kukkuicimëk *kukkuicimak |
*kukkunëmëk *kukkunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kuk'ukcidëk *kuk'ukcidak |
*kukkuicidëk *kukkuicidak |
*kukkunëdëk *kukkunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kuk'ukci | *kukkuici | *kukkuni | |
| passive | *kukkudakcihën *kuk'ut'akcihën |
*kukkudicihën *kuk'utticihën |
*kukkudanëhën *kuk'uttanëhën | |
| connegative | *kuk'ukcik | *kukkuicik | *kukkunëk | |
| passive connegative | *kukkudakcik *kuk'ut'akcik |
*kukkudicik *kuk'utticik |
*kukkudanëk *kuk'uttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kukkudak | present | *kukkuba | *kukkudapa *kuk'uttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *kukkudë- | past | *kukkunut | *kukkudu *kuk'uttu |
| gerund/supine | *kukkuma | |||
| action noun | *kukkuminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: kukkuma/kukkuda
- Finnish: kukkua
- Ingrian: kukkua
- Karelian: kukkuo
- Livonian: kukkõ
- Livvi: kukkuo
- Ludian: kukkuda
- Veps: kukkuda
- Võro: kukma/kukkuq
- Votic: kukkua
References
Further reading
- “kukkuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012