Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ruma

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Probably borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hruma-) (whence Icelandic hrumur).[1]

Adjective

*ruma[2]

  1. ugly
  2. bad, mean
  3. greedy
  4. stupid

Inflection

Inflection of *ruma
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *ruma *rumat
accusative *ruman *rumat
genitive *ruman *rumadën
*rumëidën
partitive *rumada *rumëida
inessive *rumassa
*rumahna 		*rumëissa
*rumëihna
elative *rumasta *rumëista
illative *rumahën *rumëihën
adessive *rumalla *rumëilla
ablative *rumalta *rumëilta
allative *rumalën
*rumalëk 		*rumëilën
*rumëilëk
essive *rumana *rumëina
translative *rumaksi *rumëiksi
instructive *ruman *rumëin
comitative *rumanëk *rumëinëk
abessive *rumatta *rumëitta

Descendants

From *ruma:

  • Finnish: ruma
  • Ingrian: ruma
  • Karelian: ruma
  • Livvi: ruma
  • Ludian: ruma
  • Veps: ruma
  • Votic: ruma
  • → Northern Sami: ropmi

From *ruma-la (+ *-la):

  • Estonian: rumal
  • ⇒ Livonian: rumāli, (Salaca) rumal
  • Võro: rummal'
  • Votic: (Jõgõperä) rumalõ
  • → Latvian: rumulēt, rumelēt

Further reading

  • “rumal”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012

References

  1. ^ Aikio, Ante: Muutamia lisiä suomen germaaniseen lainasanastoon (2019) [1]
  2. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*ruma”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[2] (in Finnish)
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