Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/sumpa

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown.

Adjective

*sumpa^[1]

tight, compact, dense

Noun

*sumpa

crowd, cluster

Inflection

Inflection of *sumpa

	singular	plural
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
nominative	*sumpa	*sumbat
accusative	*sumban	*sumbat
genitive	*sumban	sumpadën sumpëidën
partitive	*sumpada	*sumpëida
inessive	sumbassa sumbahna	sumbëissa sumbëihna
elative	*sumbasta	*sumbëista
illative	*sumpahën	*sumpëihën
adessive	*sumballa	*sumbëilla
ablative	*sumbalta	*sumbëilta
allative	sumpalën sumpalëk	sumpëilën sumpëilëk
essive	*sumpana	*sumpëina
translative	*sumbaksi	*sumbëiksi
instructive	*sumban	*sumbëin
comitative	*sumpanëk	*sumpëinëk
abessive	*sumbatta	*sumbëitta

Descendants

Estonian: summ, (dialectal) sumb
Finnish: (dialectal) sumpa
Karelian:
- North Karelian: šumpa
- South Karelian: šumba
Livvi: sumbu
Ludian: sumb
Võro: summ

From *suma:

Finnish: suma
Karelian:
- North Karelian: šuma
- South Karelian: šuma
Livvi: suma

References

^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*sum(p)a”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[1] (in Finnish)

“summ”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “suma”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

[1] Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*sum(p)a”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[1] (in Finnish)

[1]