Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tarbis

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *þarbiz (see *þarbō). Alternatively, more directly from *þarbō, in which case the final *-is may be a case of making the Germanic loanword fit an established pattern (compare *kaunis, *tiüris). Replacing *-is with *-ëh in *tarbëh is a case of nativization.

Adverb

*tarbis[1]

  1. necessary, needed
    Synonym: *vajaga

Noun

*tarbis[1]

  1. need

Inflection

Inflection of *tarbis
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *tarbis *tarpihët
accusative *tarpihën *tarpihët
genitive *tarpihën *tarbistën
*tarpihidën
partitive *tarbista *tarpihita
inessive *tarpihëssa
*tarpihëhna 		*tarpihissa
*tarpihihna
elative *tarpihësta *tarpihista
illative *tarpihësën *tarpihisën
adessive *tarpihëlla *tarpihilla
ablative *tarpihëlta *tarpihilta
allative *tarpihëlën
*tarpihëlëk 		*tarpihilën
*tarpihilëk
essive *tarbissa *tarpihina
translative *tarpihëksi *tarpihiksi
instructive *tarpihën *tarpihin
comitative *tarbissëk *tarpihinëk
abessive *tarpihëtta *tarpihitta

Descendants

From *tarbis:

  • Estonian: tarvis
  • Finnish: tarvis
  • Ingrian: tarvis
  • Karelian: tarvis
  • Livonian: tärb
  • Livvi: tarvis
  • Ludian: tarbiž
  • Veps: tarbiž
  • Võro: tarbis
  • Votic: tarviz

From *tarbëh (with *-ëh, only as a noun):

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*tarbis”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[1] (in Finnish)

Further reading

  • “tarvis”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “tarve”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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