Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/vapada

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Borrowed either from Early Old East Slavic свободь (svobodĭ, “free”),^[1]^[2] or directly from Proto-Slavic *svoboda (“freedom”) (possibly even earlier *svabadā).

Adjective

*vapada

free

Declension

Inflection of *vapada

	singular	plural
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
nominative	*vapada	*vapadat
accusative	*vapadan	*vapadat
genitive	*vapadan	vapadadën vapadoidën
partitive	*vapadata	*vapadoita
inessive	vapadassa vapadahna	vapadoissa vapadoihna
elative	*vapadasta	*vapadoista
illative	*vapadasën	*vapadoisën
adessive	*vapadalla	*vapadoilla
ablative	*vapadalta	*vapadoilta
allative	vapadalën vapadalëk	vapadoilën vapadoilëk
essive	*vapadana	*vapadoina
translative	*vapadaksi	*vapadoiksi
instructive	*vapadan	*vapadoin
comitative	*vapadanëk	*vapadoinëk
abessive	*vapadatta	*vapadoitta

Descendants

Estonian: vaba
Finnish: vapaa
Ingrian: vappaa
Livonian: (Salaca) vabad
Võro: vaba
Votic: vapa

References

^ “vaba”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “vapaa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN