Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/varma

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown.

Adjective

*varma

  1. strong, sturdy

Inflection

Inflection of *varma
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *varma *varmat
accusative *varman *varmat
genitive *varman *varmadën
*varmoidën
partitive *varmada *varmoida
inessive *varmassa
*varmahna 		*varmoissa
*varmoihna
elative *varmasta *varmoista
illative *varmahën *varmoihën
adessive *varmalla *varmoilla
ablative *varmalta *varmoilta
allative *varmalën
*varmalëk 		*varmoilën
*varmoilëk
essive *varmana *varmoina
translative *varmaksi *varmoiksi
instructive *varman *varmoin
comitative *varmanëk *varmoinëk
abessive *varmatta *varmoitta

Descendants

  • ⇒ Estonian: varmas (“quick, brisk; strong, sturdy”)
  • Finnish: varma (“sure”)
  • Ingrian: varma
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: varma (“sure; brisk”)
    • South Karelian: varma (“sure; brisk”)
  • ⇒ Veps: varmed
  • Votic: varmõ

Further reading

  • “varmas”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “varma”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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