Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aganą
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂ógʰe (“to have become afraid”), the perfect of *h₂egʰ- (“to become afraid, saddened”).[1][2] The full-grade root *ōg- served as the basis for the Gothic infinitive, while the zero grade survived in other petrified forms, compare 𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (agis). Cognate with Old Irish ad·ágadar, Old English eġe, Ancient Greek ἄχος (ákhos, “pain, grief”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑ.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*aganą[2]
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *ōg | *agį̄ | — | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *ōht | *agīz | — | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *ōg | *agī | — | — | — | |
| 1st dual | *agū | *agīw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *agudiz | *agīdiz | — | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *agum | *agīm | — | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *agud | *agīd | — | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *agun | *agīn | — | — | — | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *ahtǭ | *ahtēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *ahtēz | *ahtēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *ahtē | *ahtēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *ahtēdū | *ahtēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *ahtēdudiz | *ahtēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *ahtēdum | *ahtēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *ahtēdud | *ahtēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *ahtēdun | *ahtēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *agandz | *ahtaz | ||||
Related terms
Descendants
References
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂egʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 257
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “agan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 3