Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ampraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *amrós (probably *h₂h₃mrós;^[1] see *h₂eh₃mós). Cognate to Sanskrit अम्ल (amlá, “sour; wood-sorrel”) and Latin amārus (“bitter”).^[2] Kroonen, skeptical, compares Semitic (e.g. Hebrew מַר (mar, “bitter”)).^[3]

Adjective

*ampraz^[3]

sharp (in taste), sour

Inflection

Declension of *ampraz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ampraz	*amprō	*amprą, -atō	*amprai	*amprôz	*amprō
accusative	*ampranǭ	*amprǭ	*amprą, -atō	*ampranz	*amprōz	*amprō
genitive	*ampras, -is	*ampraizōz	*ampras, -is	*ampraizǫ̂	*ampraizǫ̂	*ampraizǫ̂
dative	*amprammai	*ampraizōi	*amprammai	*ampraimaz	*ampraimaz	*ampraimaz
instrumental	*ampranō	*ampraizō	*ampranō	*ampraimiz	*ampraimiz	*ampraimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*amprô	*amprǭ	*amprô	*ampraniz	*amprōniz	*amprōnō
accusative	*ampranų	*amprōnų	*amprô	*ampranunz	*amprōnunz	*amprōnō
genitive	*ampriniz	*amprōniz	*ampriniz	*ampranǫ̂	*amprōnǫ̂	*ampranǫ̂
dative	*amprini	*amprōni	*amprini	*amprammaz	*amprōmaz	*amprammaz
instrumental	*amprinē	*amprōnē	*amprinē	*amprammiz	*amprōmiz	*amprammiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *ampr
- Old Frisian: *amper, *omper
  - West Frisian: amper
- Old Dutch: *ampar
  - Middle Dutch: amper
    - Dutch: amper
Old Norse: apr (< *appr < *amp-) (descendants may be influenced by Low German)
- Icelandic: apur
- Norwegian Bokmål: amper
- Norwegian Nynorsk: amper
- Swedish: amper
- Danish: amper
- Gutnish: ampårr, anpän
- Jamtish: ampen
- Angermannian: ampen, anpäs (verb)
- Sudermannian: amper
- Wermlandian: amper
- Nilandian: amper

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “amārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37
^ Friedrich Kluge (1883) “Ampfer”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ampra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “amārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37

[2] Friedrich Kluge (1883) “Ampfer”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891

[EDPG-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ampra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25

[1]

[2]

[3]