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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl (“apple, apple tree”).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
*apluz m
- (West Germanic) alternative form of *aplaz
Inflection
Declension of *apluz (u-stem)
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singular
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plural
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| nominative
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*apluz
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*apliwiz
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| vocative
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*aplu
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*apliwiz
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| accusative
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*aplų
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*aplunz
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| genitive
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*aplauz
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*apliwǫ̂
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| dative
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*apliwi
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*aplumaz
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| instrumental
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*aplū
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*aplumiz
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Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *applu, *apl
- Old English: æppel, apl, appel, æppyl
- Middle English: appel, apple, appyl, appyll, appil, appill, appell, eppel, appul, appull, appulle, eappel, æppel, æpple, eappel (Early Middle English)
- English: apple (see there for further descendants)
- Scots: aipple
- Old Frisian: appel
- Old Saxon: appel, appul, apl
- Middle Low German: appel
- German Low German: Appel
- → German: Appel (colloquial, regional)
- Plautdietsch: Aupel
- Old Dutch: *appel, ephela (pl.), apheles (gen.sg.)
- Old High German: apful, aphul, apfol, afful, *appul — central
- Middle High German: apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel
- Alemannic German: Öpfel, Apfel
- Alsatian: Àpfel, Epfel
- Italian Walser: effél, epfel, epfil, öpfil
- Swabian: Ebfl
- Bavarian: Åpfe
- Cimbrian: oupfal, öpfel, öpfl
- Mòcheno: epfl
- Udinese: eipfele, epfl
- Central Franconian: Appel
- East Central German:
- Upper Saxon German: Abbel, Appel
- Vilamovian: epuł
- German: Apfel
- Rhine Franconian:
- Hessian: Àbbel, Ebbel, Abbel
- Pennsylvania German: Abbel, Appel
- Yiddish: עפּל (epl)
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*apla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 31-2