Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arbaidijaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *arbaidiz (“labour, work, toil, hardship, suffering”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑr.βɑi̯.ði.ja.nɑ̃/
Verb
*arbaidijaną
- to work
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *arbaidijō | *arbaidijaų | — | *arbaidijai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *arbaidīsi | *arbaidijais | *arbaidī | *arbaidijasai | *arbaidijaisau | |
| 3rd singular | *arbaidīþi | *arbaidijai | *arbaidijaþau | *arbaidijaþai | *arbaidijaiþau | |
| 1st dual | *arbaidijōs | *arbaidijaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *arbaidijaþiz | *arbaidijaiþiz | *arbaidijaþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *arbaidijamaz | *arbaidijaim | — | *arbaidijanþai | *arbaidijainþau | |
| 2nd plural | *arbaidīþ | *arbaidijaiþ | *arbaidīþ | *arbaidijanþai | *arbaidijainþau | |
| 3rd plural | *arbaidijanþi | *arbaidijain | *arbaidijanþau | *arbaidijanþai | *arbaidijainþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *arbaididǭ | *arbaididēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *arbaididēz | *arbaididēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *arbaididē | *arbaididēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *arbaididēdū | *arbaididēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *arbaididēdudiz | *arbaididēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *arbaididēdum | *arbaididēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *arbaididēdud | *arbaididēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *arbaididēdun | *arbaididēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *arbaidijandz | *arbaididaz | ||||
Related terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *arbaidijan
- Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (arbaidjan, “to work, toil, strive, struggle”)