Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/atberaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

PIE word
*h₂éd

From *at +‎ *beraną.

The formation may be older, as identical constructions are found in other Indo-European languages: compare Proto-Italic *adferō (whence Latin adferō, later afferō), Proto-Celtic *adbereti, Phrygian αββερετ (abberet), Proto-Iranian *ābarati (whence e.g. Younger Avestan 𐬁𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (ābaraiti)), Sanskrit आभरति (ābharati).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˌɑt.ˈbe.rɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*atberaną

  1. to bear to, bring forward

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 4)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *atberō *atberaų *atberai ?
2nd singular *atbirizi *atberaiz *atber *atberazai *atberaizau
3rd singular *atbiridi *atberai *atberadau *atberadai *atberaidau
1st dual *atberōz *atberaiw
2nd dual *atberadiz *atberaidiz *atberadiz
1st plural *atberamaz *atberaim *atberandai *atberaindau
2nd plural *atbirid *atberaid *atbirid *atberandai *atberaindau
3rd plural *atberandi *atberain *atberandau *atberandai *atberaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *atbar *atbērį̄
2nd singular *atbart *atbērīz
3rd singular *atbar *atbērī
1st dual *atbērū *atbērīw
2nd dual *atbērudiz *atbērīdiz
1st plural *atbērum *atbērīm
2nd plural *atbērud *atbērīd
3rd plural *atbērun *atbērīn
present past
participles *atberandz *atburanaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *atberan
    • Old English: ætberan
  • Old Swedish: atbæra
  • Gothic: 𐌰𐍄𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (atbairan)