Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/balþijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *balþaz (“bold”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbɑl.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*balþijaną[1][2]

  1. to make bold; animate; encourage

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *balþijō *balþijaų — *balþijai ?
2nd singular *balþīsi *balþijais *balþī *balþijasai *balþijaisau
3rd singular *balþīþi *balþijai *balþijaþau *balþijaþai *balþijaiþau
1st dual *balþijōs *balþijaiw — — —
2nd dual *balþijaþiz *balþijaiþiz *balþijaþiz — —
1st plural *balþijamaz *balþijaim — *balþijanþai *balþijainþau
2nd plural *balþīþ *balþijaiþ *balþīþ *balþijanþai *balþijainþau
3rd plural *balþijanþi *balþijain *balþijanþau *balþijanþai *balþijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *balþidǭ *balþidēdį̄
2nd singular *balþidēz *balþidēdīz
3rd singular *balþidē *balþidēdī
1st dual *balþidēdū *balþidēdīw
2nd dual *balþidēdudiz *balþidēdīdiz
1st plural *balþidēdum *balþidēdīm
2nd plural *balþidēdud *balþidēdīd
3rd plural *balþidēdun *balþidēdīn
present past
participles *balþijandz *balþidaz

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*balþ/da-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 50: “*balþjan-”
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*balþjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 34
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