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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Germanic
Alternative reconstructions
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ-ko-s, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ- (“goat, buck, ram”).[1] Cognate with Proto-Celtic *bukkos (“goat”), Old Armenian բուծ (buc, “lamb”), Persian بز (boz, “goat”), Avestan 𐬠𐬏𐬰𐬀 (būza, “ram”), Sanskrit बुख (bukha, “male goat”).
Pronunciation
Noun
*bukkaz m[1]
- buck
Inflection
Declension of *bukkaz (masculine a-stem)
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singular
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plural
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| nominative
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*bukkaz
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*bukkōz, *bukkōs
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| vocative
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*bukk
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*bukkōz, *bukkōs
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| accusative
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*bukką
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*bukkanz
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| genitive
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*bukkas, *bukkis
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*bukkǫ̂
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| dative
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*bukkai
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*bukkamaz
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| instrumental
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*bukkō
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*bukkamiz
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Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *bukk
- Old English: bucc, buc
- Old Frisian: *buk, *bok
- Saterland Frisian: Buk
- West Frisian: bok
- Old Saxon: bukk, buk
- Old Dutch: buk, buc
- Middle Dutch: boc, buc
- Dutch: bok (see there for further descendants)
- Limburgish: bók
- West Flemish: buk
- Old High German: buk, buc, bok, boch, poch
- Middle High German: boc
- ⇒ Old High German: steinbok
- Middle High German: steinboc
- → Dutch: steenbok
- → Old French: estainbouc, boc estaign
- Middle French: boucquin, bukestein, boucastain, bouquestain
- → Medieval Latin: buccus (confluence with Gaulish *bukkos) (see there for further descendants)
- Old Norse: bukkr, bokkr
- Icelandic: bukkur, bokkur
- Faroese: bukkur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bukk; (dialectal) bukk’e
- Old Swedish: bukker, bokker
- Danish: buk
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bukka(n)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 82