Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/burgijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbur.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

Zero-grade ye-present, pre-Germanic *bʰr̥gʰye-, from the root of *berganą (“to preserve”).^[1]

Verb

*burgijaną^[1]^[2]

to keep safe, hide, bury

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*burgijō	*burgijaų	—	*burgijai	?
2nd singular	*burgīsi	*burgijais	*burgī	*burgijasai	*burgijaisau
3rd singular	*burgīþi	*burgijai	*burgijaþau	*burgijaþai	*burgijaiþau
1st dual	*burgijōs	*burgijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*burgijaþiz	*burgijaiþiz	*burgijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*burgijamaz	*burgijaim	—	*burgijanþai	*burgijainþau
2nd plural	*burgīþ	*burgijaiþ	*burgīþ	*burgijanþai	*burgijainþau
3rd plural	*burgijanþi	*burgijain	*burgijanþau	*burgijanþai	*burgijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*burgidǭ	*burgidēdį̄
2nd singular	*burgidēz	*burgidēdīz
3rd singular	*burgidē	*burgidēdī
1st dual	*burgidēdū	*burgidēdīw
2nd dual	*burgidēdudiz	*burgidēdīdiz
1st plural	*burgidēdum	*burgidēdīm
2nd plural	*burgidēdud	*burgidēdīd
3rd plural	*burgidēdun	*burgidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*burgijandz	*burgidaz

Derived terms

*burgīniz

Related terms

*berganą

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *burgijan
- Old English: byrġan
  - Middle English: berien, burien
    - English: bury
Old Norse: byrgja
- Icelandic: byrgja
- Faroese: byrgja
- Old Swedish: byrghia, børghia
Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*baurgjan), *𐌱𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*bibaurgjan) implied by 𐌱𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (bibaurgeins)

Etymology 2

From *burgaz (“promise, debt”) +‎ *-janą, or *burgijô (“surety”) +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*burgijaną^[3]

to vouch for
to promise

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*burgijō	*burgijaų	—	*burgijai	?
2nd singular	*burgīsi	*burgijais	*burgī	*burgijasai	*burgijaisau
3rd singular	*burgīþi	*burgijai	*burgijaþau	*burgijaþai	*burgijaiþau
1st dual	*burgijōs	*burgijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*burgijaþiz	*burgijaiþiz	*burgijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*burgijamaz	*burgijaim	—	*burgijanþai	*burgijainþau
2nd plural	*burgīþ	*burgijaiþ	*burgīþ	*burgijanþai	*burgijainþau
3rd plural	*burgijanþi	*burgijain	*burgijanþau	*burgijanþai	*burgijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*burgidǭ	*burgidēdį̄
2nd singular	*burgidēz	*burgidēdīz
3rd singular	*burgidē	*burgidēdī
1st dual	*burgidēdū	*burgidēdīw
2nd dual	*burgidēdudiz	*burgidēdīdiz
1st plural	*burgidēdum	*burgidēdīm
2nd plural	*burgidēdud	*burgidēdīd
3rd plural	*burgidēdun	*burgidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*burgijandz	*burgidaz

Related terms

*burgōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *burgijan
- Old English: *byrġan
  - ⇒ Old English: onbyrġan
- Old High German: *burgen
  - ⇒ Old High German: untarburgen
  - Middle High German: bürgen
    - German: bürgen
Old Norse: *byrgja
- ⇒ Old Norse: ábyrgja
  - Icelandic: ábyrgja

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*burgjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 85
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*burʒjanan I”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 63
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*burʒjanan II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 63

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*burgjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 85

[Orel1-2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*burʒjanan I”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 63

[Orel2-3] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*burʒjanan II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 63

[1]

[2]

[3]