Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dwalaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwel- (to dim, dull, cloud, make obscure, swirl, whirl). Cognate with Latvian dulls (crazy, mad), Lithuanian dvylas (dark, reddish brown), and Proto-Celtic *dallos (blind). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdwɑ.lɑz/

Adjective

*dwalaz

  1. confused, stunned
  2. foolish, misled, mad

Inflection

Declension of *dwalaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *dwalaz *dwalō *dwalą, -atō *dwalai *dwalôz *dwalō
accusative *dwalanǭ *dwalǭ *dwalą, -atō *dwalanz *dwalōz *dwalō
genitive *dwalas, -is *dwalaizōz *dwalas, -is *dwalaizǫ̂ *dwalaizǫ̂ *dwalaizǫ̂
dative *dwalammai *dwalaizōi *dwalammai *dwalaimaz *dwalaimaz *dwalaimaz
instrumental *dwalanō *dwalaizō *dwalanō *dwalaimiz *dwalaimiz *dwalaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *dwalô *dwalǭ *dwalô *dwalaniz *dwalōniz *dwalōnō
accusative *dwalanų *dwalōnų *dwalô *dwalanunz *dwalōnunz *dwalōnō
genitive *dwaliniz *dwalōniz *dwaliniz *dwalanǫ̂ *dwalōnǫ̂ *dwalanǫ̂
dative *dwalini *dwalōni *dwalini *dwalammaz *dwalōmaz *dwalammaz
instrumental *dwalinē *dwalōnē *dwalinē *dwalammiz *dwalōmiz *dwalammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Probably because of the phonetic influence of the preceding -w- and the similarity in meaning, descendants from this term are not always distinguishable from those of *dulaz. The following lists descendants that have retained the -w-.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *dwal
    • Old English: *dwal, *dwol; (dwala, dwela (noun))
      • Middle English: dwal
    • Old English: dwolma
    • Old Frisian: *dwal, *dwel
      • Saterland Frisian: Dwäl, Dweel
        • Saterland Frisian: dwälsk
    • Old Saxon: *dwal
      • Middle Low German: dwal, dwel
        • Danish: dval
        • German Low German: dweelsk
  • Gothic: 𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍃 (dwals)