Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flugjaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *fleuganą, from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly”).

Adjective

*flugjaz

(of a bird) Having feathers, fledged.

Declension

Declension of *flugjaz (ja-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*flugjaz	*flugjō	flugją, -at(ō)	*flugjai	*flugjôz	*flugjō
accusative	*flugjanǭ	*flugjǭ	flugją, -at(ō)	*flugjanz	*flugjōz	*flugjō
genitive	flugjas, flugis	*flugjaizōz	flugjas, flugis	*flugjaizǫ̂	*flugjaizǫ̂	*flugjaizǫ̂
dative	*flugjammai	*flugjaizōi	*flugjammai	*flugjaimaz	*flugjaimaz	*flugjaimaz
instrumental	*flugjanō	*flugjaizō	*flugjanō	*flugjaimiz	*flugjaimiz	*flugjaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*flugjô	*flugjǭ	*flugjô	*flugjaniz	*flugjōniz	*flugjōnō
accusative	*flugjanų	*flugjōnų	*flugjô	*flugjanunz	*flugjōnunz	*flugjōnō
genitive	*fluginiz	*flugjōniz	*fluginiz	*flugjanǫ̂	*flugjōnǫ̂	*flugjanǫ̂
dative	*flugini	*flugjōni	*flugini	*flugjammaz	*flugjōmaz	*flugjammaz
instrumental	*fluginē	*flugjōnē	*fluginē	*flugjammiz	*flugjōmiz	*flugjammiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *flugi
- Old English: *flyċġ, *flyċġe
  - Middle English: flegge, flege, flygge
    - English: fledge
      - ⇒ English: fletch (modified after fletcher)
    - >? Scots: fleg, flegg
    - >? Yola: fletch
- Old Frisian: *flugge
  - West Frisian: fluch
- Old Saxon: *fluggi
  - Middle Low German: vlügge
    - Low German: flügg
    - → German: flügge
- Old Dutch: *fluggi
  - Middle Dutch: vlugge, vlugghe
    - Dutch: vlug
      - Afrikaans: vlug
      - Javindo: flug
      - Petjo: vlug-vlug
    - Limburgish: vlug
- Old High German: flucki, flucchi
  - Middle High German: vlücke, flücke
    - Alemannic German: flück
    - Central Franconian: flögg
      Moselle Franconian: flegg
    - German: flück
    - Luxembourgish: fléck
    - Rhine Franconian: flick
      Palatine German: flick
      Pennsylvania German: flick
Old Norse: *flyggr, fleygr (< *flaugijaz)
- Icelandic: fleygur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: fløy
- Swedish: flygg
- Danish: flyg

References

Vladimir Orel (2003) “*fluʒjan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 108
Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*flugi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 148